Historical Developments And Social Changes Essay - 1295 Words

Given the fact that political theories must continually respond to historical developments and social changes, no significant political tradition worthy of its name can afford to remain in the state of stasis. The postmodern turn, which has been underway since the 1960s, has turned out to be a particularly significant challenge to established political traditions of the 20th century. In particular, such prominent theoretical frameworks as liberalism, positivism, and Marxism had to confront the postmodern challenge in a distinct manner and with varying degree of success. According to Gà ¸sta Esping-Andersen, the crucial issue facing contemporary political theorists is the status of the welfare state in the postmodern era. Indeed, the political debates of the 20th century concern the welfare state’s potential to transform the capitalist society (Esping-Andersen 93). In this respect, the idea of welfare state undoubtedly lies at the heart of 20th-century political debates considering the fact that this very term invokes the complex relationship between the state and market economy. Considering the gradual dissolution of the welfare state in the postmodern era, the problematic relationship between welfare and capitalism remains central to theoretical frameworks grappling to come to terms with the postmodern turn. Out of the three theoretical frameworks in question, liberalism was and is still is particularly invested in the idea of the welfare state.Indeed, it is with regard toShow MoreRelatedContemporary Social Theory And Functionalist Approach1457 Words   |  6 Pagespreference over other in contemporary social theory these themes consist of relationship between society and self, nature of social life, possibility, and role of social transformation, structure of social institutions and themes such as class, gender, and race. 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Wright Mills1614 Words   |  7 Pagesissues. â€Å"Mills referred to people’s experiences within a specific historical setting, which gives them their orientations to life† (Henslin, p. 3) .Basically Mills is saying t hat the effects of historical change are what determines an individual’s position or direction in their life. People frequently take the effects of historical change and social movements too lightly; they do not think about how the historical change and social change affects their well-being and assume that they have more controlRead MoreMarxism Is A Method Of Socioeconomic Analysis1495 Words   |  6 PagesKarl Marx and Friedrich Engels, that analyzes class relations and societal conflict using a materialist interpretation of historical development and a dialectical view of social transformation. Marxist methodology originally used economic and sociopolitical inquiry to analyze and critique the development of capitalism and the role of class struggle in systemic economic change. According to Marxist analysis, class conflict within capitalism arises due to intensifying contradictions between highly

Examining Conflict Resolution On Historical Re Enactment

Examining Conflict Resolution In Historical Re-enactment The Society for Creative Anachronism is an international historical society committed to the study and recreation of arts and skills of pre-17th-century Europe. The Society is a non-profit educational organization based in Milpitas, CA, with affiliate organizations in Europe, New Zealand, and Australia as well as the United States. With over 30,000 members, a strong conflict resolution plan is necessary, especially since it is a volunteer run and operated organization built on the premise of courtesy, honor and chivalry. According to the Society’s Code of Conduct, The expectation that participants shall treat each other with respect and civility extends beyond SCA gatherings.†¦show more content†¦These peers fall into three separate orders; the Order of Chivalry for fighters, the Order of the Laurel for craftsmen and artisans, and the Order of the Pelican for those who organize and make sure things run smoothly. These peers take associates, or students in order to form a formal relationship with the peer, usually this occurs with an exchange of fealty. This fealty relationship involves some kind of contract, devised and agreed on by the two concerned parties. Basically this consists of the associate agreeing to take on whatever task is set before him or her, and the peer pledging mentoring, sharing of knowledge and skills, and welcoming that associate as one of his or her family. â€Å"‘ In coaching, you’re following the trail of dreams. When you see little sparks of interest, excitement or increased energy, that’s where to go,† says psychologist Carol Kauffman, PhD, director of the Institute of Coaching, a nonprofit organization at Harvard Medical School’s McLean Hospital dedicated to enhancing the scientific foundation and credibility of coaching.† (DeAngelis, T.,2010, November 1). Interpersonal Conflict Resolution Interpersonal conflict is an inevitable part of our lives in all aspects of our lives. However, many people avoid it altogether or otherwise handle it in ways that are counterproductive for themselves and others. Effectively dealing with conflict goes a long way in determining success especially when it can have a

Alexander The Great Essay Introduction Example For Students

Alexander The Great Essay Introduction Alexander the Great Alexander the Great was the king of Macedonia, conqueror of the Persian Empire, and one of the greatest military geniuses of all times. Even at an early age, Alexander had the promise to become a great leader. Through all his victories and conquests, he has become a great hero and has had a large impact on history. That is why I chose he book Alexander the Great, by J.R. Hamilton for my review. Hamilton does a very good job with the story of Alexander the Great. The book begins by talking about the Macedonian homeland and the make up of the people, their culture. Alexander was born in 356 BC in Pella, the ancient capital of Macedonia he was the son of Philip II, king of Macedonia, and of Olympias, a princess of Epirus. After discussing his parents and their relationship, Hamilton talks about how Aristotle was Alexanders tutor from age 13 to 16 and stimulated his interest in science, medicine, and philosophy. The book then talks about how well prepared Alexander was to take over the throne. Then, in the summer of 336 BC Philip was assassinated, and Alexander took over the Macedonian throne.Hamilton does a very good and descriptive job of how Alexander soon showed his power when the large city of Thebes revolted in 335. Alexander stormed the city with mighty force and took 30,000 people as slaves. An important point the book discussesnext is when Alexander begins his attempt to conqueor Persia. Alexander believed he could never be the dominant force in his area as long as the Persian ruler Darius was still alive. After being defeated the first time Alexander tried again in 332 and finally took Persia. Darius survived and fled to the mountains, but was killed by one of his own. With Darius dead, Alexander was crowned King of Persia and became known as the king of all Asia. After Alexanders taking over of Persia, Hamilton begins talking about Alexanders next conquests. First, Babylon surrendered after Gaugamela, and the city of Susa with its enormous treasures was soon conquered. Then, in midwinter, Alexander forced his way to Persepolis, the Persian capital. After plundering the royal treasuries and taking anything worthwhile, he burned the city during a drunken binge and thus completed the destruction of the ancient Persian Empire. This demonstrated how ruthless and cruel of a person he could be. Another thing that showed this is when was on a drinking binge and in a fury he killed his own friend. Hamilton now talks about how far and long it took Alexander to get to where he was. Alezxanders domain now extended along and beyond the southern shores of the Caspian Sea, including modern Afghanistan and Baluchistan, and northward into Bactria and Sogdiana, the modern Western Turkistan, also known as Central Asia. It had taken Alexander only three years, from the spring of 330 BC to the spring of 327 BC, to take over such a large area. Hamilton then talks about how Alexander still wished to take over the complete Persian empire, so he crossed the Indus River in 326 BC. There he invaded the Punjab as far as the river Hyphasis, at this point the Macedonians rebelled and refused to go farther. He then constructed a fleet and passed down the Indus, reaching its mouth in September 325 BC. The fleet then sailed to the Persian Gulf. With his army, he returned overland across the desert to Media. Shortages of food and water caused severe losses and hardship among his troops. The book also talks about how Alexander would name cities as he went along after himself. Alexander then spent about a year organizing his dominions and completing a survey of the Persian Gulf in preparation for further conquests. He arrived in Babylon in the spring of 323 BC. .ua5a1db2a3dade8d62297b49c2900428a , .ua5a1db2a3dade8d62297b49c2900428a .postImageUrl , .ua5a1db2a3dade8d62297b49c2900428a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua5a1db2a3dade8d62297b49c2900428a , .ua5a1db2a3dade8d62297b49c2900428a:hover , .ua5a1db2a3dade8d62297b49c2900428a:visited , .ua5a1db2a3dade8d62297b49c2900428a:active { border:0!important; } .ua5a1db2a3dade8d62297b49c2900428a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua5a1db2a3dade8d62297b49c2900428a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua5a1db2a3dade8d62297b49c2900428a:active , .ua5a1db2a3dade8d62297b49c2900428a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua5a1db2a3dade8d62297b49c2900428a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua5a1db2a3dade8d62297b49c2900428a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua5a1db2a3dade8d62297b49c2900428a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua5a1db2a3dade8d62297b49c2900428a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua5a1db2a3dade8d62297b49c2900428a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua5a1db2a3dade8d62297b49c2900428a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua5a1db2a3dade8d62297b49c2900428a .ua5a1db2a3dade8d62297b49c2900428a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua5a1db2a3dade8d62297b49c2900428a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Cryogenics: Is It Worth Waiting For Essay In June he contracted a fever and died. He left his empire, in his own words, to the strongest; this uncertain testament resulted in huge conflicts for half a century. Hamilton believes that this could have possible been Alexanders greatest mistake, because his empire then falls apart. Though all of his conquest Hamilton talks about how well, if

Mcdonalds Hbs Case Review free essay sample

* What is McDonald’s key value proposition? * McDonald’s key value propositions are listed below. These propositions helped McDonald’s to build an unparalleled network of loyal suppliers and entrepreneurial franchisees that contributed greatly in moving the McDonald’s bandwagon ahead. The propositions not only differentiated McDonald’s from the competition but also helped build an operating model that was extremely difficult to emulate. The key value propositions are: * Quick service tasty inexpensive food Standardization of preparation methods with exact product specification using customized equipment * Consistently high quality and uniformity across all outlets. * A unique operating system * A special set of relationship between the McDonald’s corporation, its suppliers and its franchisees often described as a three-legged stool. The stool is only as strong as the three legs and thus each supported the weight of McDonald’ s equally. Restaurant’s service is measured in terms of three categories QSC (Quality, Service Cleanliness), imparting ‘V’ for Value. We will write a custom essay sample on Mcdonalds Hbs Case Review or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page * Corporate-level strategy can be defined as centralized decisions making process which are uniformly deployed at the franchisee level across the globe. * Innovation at franchise level was centralized, standardized and put across all the outlets. * Determine the key elements of Operation Strategy of McDonald’s? The key elements of the operations strategy implemented by McDonald’s were: * Revolutionizing the entire supply chain, introducing innovation in product process * Standardizing operating procedure in the form of Operating Manual detailing exact cooking times, proper temperature settings precise portions for all food items * Improving the product * The Three-Legged stool * McDonald’s followed a philosophy that is often referred to as the Three-Legged Stool. One of the legs is McDonald’s, a second leg is our franchisee partners and the third leg is our supplier partners. The stool is only as strong as the three legs. * Developing outstanding supplier’s relationship, caring about supplier’s operation being sensitive about their profit margins and thereby earning supplier loyalty was what formed one of the other two tools in the McDonald’s stool! This way, the growth profit of the suppliers was inexorably tied with McDonald’s. * McDonald’s seeked hands-on franchisees – active, on-premise owners prepared to work full-time running their McDonald’s operation – not just investors. The franchisee/company relationship stresses personal commitment to the business and emphasizes people, community commitment, financial management and a sharing of goals, principles and ideals. * Improving efficient equipment tailored to restaurant’s need * Training monitoring franchisees * Initially restricted menu sizes. * Constant evaluation assistance of restaurants * McDonald’s consistently studied every component of its operation, experimented revised its best operation methods revised and practice again again. What are the challenges McDonald’s faced in the 1990s? * McDonald’s faced numerous challenges in the 1990’s from competitors that specialised in proving speed and service to those that offered greater variety band those that featured discounted menus. The major challenges that McDonald’s faced were: * Change requirement in Operating strategy: The most perplexing question vexing top management was the extent to which McDonald’s operating strategy was to be changed to accommodate the growing need for flexibility variety in products. Managing volume: In the US alone, McDonald’s is serving over 20 million customers every day. Management of quality service to so many people as well as attracting more business becomes a formidable challenges in a huge dimension, especially in the wake of competitors who have a lot on offer. * Slow Rate of growth: McDonald’s had an average annual return on equity of 25. 2% from 1965 to 1991 and an average annual earnings growth of 24. 1%. But sales per unit had slowed between 1990 1991 causing management to question the company’s famed operating system’s suitability in the new changing circumstances. Change in demographic, ethnic, religious composition of society: In the 1990’s, US was no longer what it once was, a white dominated country. The metamorphosis to a multiethnic, multireligious society distinct change in demographic pattern of more aging population is posing fundamental challenges in America’s eating habits thus adding extra difficulty to already stretching limits of Operating Complexity. The shrinking size of Hamburger consumption from 19% to 17% indicated this trend. * Consumer Consciousness: Consumer consciousness increased considerably in terms of nutrition dietary opinions without compromising on taste. McDonald’s shrinking share: McDonald’s share of US quick service market has dropped from 18. 7% in 1985 to 16. 6% in 1991, even though the company gained sales from a bigger quick service pie. Despite this between 1988 1990 sales per US outlet dropped an average of 3. 7% in real dollars. After years of double digit income growth, McDonald’s 1991 net US income grew just 7. 2% to $860 million. * Overseas profit surpassing US profit: Overseas business showing greatest sign of growth in recent years with operating income rising from $290 million to 1 987 to $678 million in 1991. But US business which accounted for 60% of profit simply had to be bolstered. * Challenges galore in all segments of its competitive advantage :- From chains specializing in speed services ,chains offering more variety to those offering deeply discounted menus ,drive through service ,restaurant serving typical ethnic variety, family sized restaurant where patrons sat down to be served, wider variety of food items but prices remained competitive with McDonald’s , casual dining restaurant -McDonald’s is facing endless challenges from all front of its competitive advantage. How does McDonald’s operation strategy address the challenges faced by them in the 1990’s? * In 1990’s, to counter the growing challenges faced by them, McDonald’s were in the process of implementing the following operations strategies: * Core Competence: McDonald’s drew on its traditional strengths of careful product development closely gauged to customerâ€⠄¢s tastes, to respond to competitors’ challenges customer’s new habits. * Healthy nutritious food: McDonald’s introduced salads, chicken muffins to address concerns about nutrition. Besides this, it developed 91% fat free burger McLean Deluxe in conjunction with Keystone Auburn University. * Precooked Seasoned Food items: Keystone also convinced McDonald’s to experiment with chicken fajitas which proved an instant success in initial tests. The chicken arrived precooked seasoned so it only required heating and did not slow operations. The fajitas sold well in market. * New venues for restaurants: To keep pace with the number of meals eaten off the premises of quick-service restaurants, McDonald’s opened up double-drive windows, as well as restaurants in schools, museums, airports and hospitals. It also developed new smaller restaurants that were less expensive than its traditional designs. * Meticulous product and process development:- McDonald’s has actively pursued the adoption of advanced process technologies and product developments in its preparations like introducing a special French fries scoop or a new grill capable on cooking ham on both sides. Continuing with same in 1990’s it introduced a new pizza that could be cooked within five minutes. McDonald’s was also developing new high tech staging equipments that would further increase speed by preparing part of products ahead of time. Price cuts: In response to competitors like Taco Bell McDonald’s returned back to value menu and cut the prices by 20% on average. As a result of this price cut the sale of hamburgers increased by 30% and also resulted in an increase in customer count. But due to the reduced prices revenues and profits did not increased much. * â€Å"What You Want Is What Yo u Get at McDonald’s Today†: McDonald’s is now more concerned with meeting changing customer requirements than sticking to its core strategy of sticking to limited offerings. New Building Prototypes: McDonald’s has developed a number of new building prototypes, like drive through models, small cafes suitable for small towns to compete with competitors. * Menu Diversification: McDonald’s did a lot of experimentation testing a wide range of items like lasagne, carrot, sticks and fruit cups. McDonald’s was always concerned with nutritional issues like calcium deficiency and fat reduction. * Dinner menu with complete service: Only 20% of total sales of McDonald’s were coming from dinner and McDonald’s eyed this casual dining opportunity as the next growth factor.