International Business Strategies in Action Assignment - 1

International Business Strategies in Action - Assignment Example Ghemawat discusses three main strategies that can be implemented by the organizations during their foreign operations and also in response to globalization. The three strategies are categorized as adaptation, aggregation, and arbitrage. The article in a way aims to differentiate how business strategies are formulated based on the origin and nature of a business or an organization, and importantly based on their operations, particularly international operations. The basic premise of this article is how the organizations have to focus on the different business factors that needed to be considered in the foreign country of choice, and how strategies continuously needs development over the years as the business or organization grows in the country of choice. It also gives us a view of how these strategic factors change over the years and its significance in putting an international business strategy in action. An international business strategy is formulated based on different factors yo u can gather in the target market. This is also one big reason why a strategy formulated for a particular country or market would most probably fail in other countries. Summary Author Ghemawat focuses on the international strategies through the three A’s strategy categories of adaptation, aggregation, and arbitrage. ... In that direction, the entering firms will set up local units, as the unit and its employees will maximally know about the local market and can function accordingly and effectively. These country specific strategies could work in certain countries and for organizations in certain sector. â€Å"According to the article, companies that utilize an adaptation strategy most likely have a country-centered organizational model.† (mendeley.com). Aggregation strategy provides the organization the option of running their regional operations as part of their global operations itself. â€Å"Aggregation attempt to deliver economies of scale by creating regional, or sometimes global, operations, it involves standardizing the product or service offering and grouping together the development and production process.† (Ghemawat 2007, p.60). Thus, according to the author, this strategy can be applicable in this current globalized world, as many organizations are operating across borders. â€Å"Operations that are designed to function across borders are more likely to be employed if aggregation is the strategy.† (mendeley.com). The strategy of Arbitrage can also be practiced by MNC, if they have a widespread reach and network. That is, organizations following this strategy can set up operations in different parts of a country or even in different countries, where there is apt resources including human resources. â€Å"Arbitrage is the exploitation of the differences between national or regional markets, often by locating different parts of the supply chain in different places.† Examples include call centers in India, factories in China, and retail shops in Western Europe. (Ghemawat 2007, p.60). All these three

Challenges for Military Organizations in Peacetime and Wartime Essay

Challenges for Military Organizations in Peacetime and Wartime - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that the questions that arise are whether innovations in military organizations are required during peacetime or must they be made during the course of a war. Military innovations refer to conceptual changes in operations of specific combat arms and mutual relation between different combat arms. The idea is to pave the way for a new mission by abandoning traditional missions. Such innovations define war in a new way and restructure the relationship between different factors of the military organization and the enemy. The operations are designed so that they are consistent with the new ideas. Innovations focus is on major military activities based on which war plans are made. Military innovations are subjected to various challenges. The general belief that defeat in war provides an incentive for military innovation is not technically correct. The complexities in the bureaucratic system during peacetimes make innovation extremely difficult. T here are many cases where military innovations have taken place after victory in a war, and not defeat. When officers are incorporated in the army they are prepared to follow orders without question. They become so habituated with the existing concepts that with the passage of years the ideas get deeply embedded within their minds so much so that no amount of reasoning or argument can make them abandon the established ideas. Only by studying the nature of military organizations, the need for innovations can be explained.

Corporate finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 4

Corporate finance - Essay Example Breakavia is a newly formed country. The country has been formed recently by splitting from earlier communist states. The newly formed government of this country has recognised that there are many advantages in developing a democratic country and forming capital principles to regulate the country. Government also identified that the country has enough natural resources like oil and mineral reserves and therefore, it can functions as an independent state depending upon these huge natural resources sufficient for sustainable development of the country. As a newly developed country, the government thinks to invite the European multinational companies to enter to this market and use the natural resources which lead to overall development of the country in terms of many areas like economic development and employment and many more. For this purpose, the finance department of the country has decided to develop a standard tax regime and banking systems which will provide low cost finance for commercial and domestic housing development opportunity for developing tourism industry in the country. The government is also aiming to setting up Stock Exchange in Heeritis, the capital of this newly formed country. Therefore, to develop corporate sectors consists of domestic as well as foreign companies; the government is seeking corporate financial advice regarding development of a standardised corporate reporting for regulating businesses sector in the country. For this purpose, the finance minister of this country needs advice regarding two important areas of corporate finance. First, advice for standardised corporate reporting development by adopting any existing international standardised financial reporting. Second is importance of corporate governance in business and as an important part of annual corporate report the companies. International Accounting Standard

Examine the application of the maxims of equity in the context of Essay

Examine the application of the maxims of equity in the context of trusts - Essay Example Under trust, the trustee is a person appointed by law to hold the property on behalf of the beneficiary (Clements and Abass, 2009). In so doing, the trustee is under obligation or submitting to a form of legal obligation mainly referred to as the English law. Moreover, a trustee may be bound by onerous responsibilities, mainly those imposed by the statute, by general principles of equity, or by the trust instrument (Oakley, Parker and Mellows, 2008). What is important is that there are severe costs awaiting trustees, particularly those who neglect their duties or violate the terms and conditions of the trust. Essentially, thus, there must be certainty and clarity when setting up a trust. It is important to be clear that the trustee is bound by the trust and as such, may not make use of the property in his personal capacity (Moffat, Bean and Probert 2009). Likewise, the beneficiary’s rights must be established with clarity and certainty so that they are in a position to enforce the trust in the case the trustee has failed to observe the terms set out. The above-quoted dictum or maxim of His Lordship will form the context for examining how principles of equity are applied in the context of trusts. In maxims of equity and trust, there is no wrong without a remedy. As Moffat (2009) holds, it is the responsibility of the court of law to offer a consideration or remedy for a plaintiff even in the case where none has been provided in the statute book. This is because, as stipulated in the ubi jus ibi remedium, a remedy exists where there is a right (McFarlane, Hopkins and Nield, 2012). Suffice to say, this underlies the entire concept of equity because, until now, the common law courts completely refuse to provide sufficient remedies in certain circumstances. For instance, when it comes to the institution of trust, common law does not wholesomely recognize the beneficiary’s rights, but such rights are

Oil Spills Crisis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Oil Spills Crisis - Essay Example According to the Shell Company, the volume of oil spilled was about 216 tones. The oil was leaked at a distance of approximately 180 km from Aberdeen’s Scottish port. This oil slick covered an area of more than 37 sq km. The recent oil spill has done a lot to tarnish the image of the Royal Dutch Shell in the eyes of the public. The Royal Dutch Shell has conventionally remained out of the focus of campaigners. The company has traditionally maintained a desecrated reputation whether the campaigners were concerned with environmental health and safety, human rights’ violation or climatic change. â€Å"In September 1993 the TGWU (transport and general workers union) launched a nationwide boycott of Shell petrol stations due to union derecognition at their Shell haven refinery in Essex† (Corporate Watch, n.d.). The recent oil spill furthered people’s hatred for the company, and this can have serious implications upon the profitability of Shell’s business. The crisis was very damaging as oil spill exposes the marine life to numerous health hazards. Oil spill contaminate the water and reduce the content of oxygen in it that is vital to the existence and survival of the marine life. In addition to that, the contaminated water can not be used for any kind of purpose. Discussing the hazardous consequences of this massive oil spill, RSPB Scotland’s director, Stuart Housden said, â€Å"Thousands of young razorbills, puffins and guillemots are flightless and dispersing widely in the North Sea during late summer, so they could be at serious risk if contaminated by this spill† (Housden cited in Crisis Boom, 2011a). Similar oil spills have caused irrecoverable loss to the birds and marine life in the past. In the past, about 1000 crude oil barrels were leaked as a result of the rupture of pipeline of the ExxonMobil oil into the Yellowstone River. The picture given below speaks 1000 words about the same and portrays the deleteriou s effects of oil spills on the animals and birds that have marine habitat. This bird complains about the effects of BP oil spill upon its health and life. The effect of BP’s Gulf oil spill (Crisis Boom, 2011b). The company took urgent measures to stop the oil spill. â€Å"Work continues to stop the oil remaining in the flowline from leaking. We estimate the current rate of leakage is less than five barrels a day† (Crisis Boom, 2011a). In an attempt to take precautionary measures and avoid similar situations from arising in the future, Shell Company’s spokesman said that the company is managing a leak identified in the flow line which goes into the platform of the Gannet Alpha. In order to identify the sub-sea leak after a light sheen was seen, the company made use of a vehicle that is operated with remote. The spokesman further said that the company has considerably stemmed the leak and its efforts are directed at isolating it further. To reduce the risk, the co mpany has shut the seub-sea well and has also depressurized the flow line (The Guardian, 2011). These were the emasures the Royal Dutch Shell Company primarily took to improve its image in the public eye as well as to save the environment from any damage in the future. The company openly narrated its efforts. This overt expression was basically meant for the public in general and the critics in particular so that they may realize that the company

Catcher in the Rye (Book) Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Catcher in the Rye (Book) - Research Paper Example Some have opted to censor the book because they feel it will corrupt their children. In an instant I knew that I would never get the chance again to get out. I might have felt warm by the idea of being right there with Phoebe. â€Å"Could we get out of here already?† She asked, â€Å"Can you hear me?† The thought that we were going home and everything would get back to ‘normal’ made my skin crawl. I felt groggy, I might have passed out. I saw myself back in Pencey Prep, everyone was gawking at me. Stradlater approached me smiling and picked up one of my backpacks as we headed for the dorm. I struggled to figure out what was going on as I entered my old room. Ackley was standing in the middle of the room. It seemed he was there to receive me, pathetic. Probably everything I wanted to be was actually happening because I could not speak, I could not react, I was deaf-mute. The hell I was, they suddenly held me down, †Hey buddy, calm down!† My head was spinning so fast. I had no idea why they pinned me down. Stradlter told Ackley to help him get me to the bed.â€Å"Where is my sister?† I yelled.†Where is Phoebe?† They both looked at each other like I was crazy. I looked at them; it was not Stradtler and Ackley. The two men were in scrubs. I needed to see Phoebe. Maybe she was here with me. She couldn’t have abandoned me, not her. I had to get out. I was lying down and couldn’t move. Those bastards put me in a straight jacket. Unbelievable! Hilarious, they must have been talking to Mr. Antolini or was it Mr. Spencer? It must have been that wretched Mr. Spencer. I felt really tired and falling asleep fast. They had given me a shot. Allie was there with me although he was silent. I don’t think he knew why my parents or whoever brought me to the rest room. I wished he could talk to me. I tried to make him say something but he just stared at me, perhaps feeling sorry for me. He was the best l istener and answered me without uttering a word. I could hear Phoebe repeating the words, â€Å"Coming Thro’ the Rye,† and thought it should have been how I heard it because in that instant, I felt like I was falling off from the bed. It was on the edge of a cliff. It felt safe for I knew Allie would catch me. Memories of James Castle flashed through my mind and wondered whether I would get to see him. Was he contented where he was or was he still being bullied and could it be possible that he could have been haunting the boys that were tormenting him? Wouldn’t that be great? I missed him. The drug was wearing off, I felt much better. The world seemed different. Maybe I did need some sleep after all. Phoebe was holding my hand, stroking it. Surprisingly, it didn’t appall me. I was delighted to see her. Apparently, I had passed out while watching her go around on the carousel. My parents took me to the rest home. They must do everything right. I wondered w hether they already knew that I had been expelled and if they did, was this my punishment? It didn’t matter anymore. All that mattered was that they were there for me. Phoebe was there, so did D.B. I wished Jane was there for me as well. I hope she thought of me and regretted ever setting her eyes on Stradlter. I hope she missed me as much as I missed her. I could care less about Sally. She was attractive though looking back, I don’t know what I ever saw in her. Realizing that I don’

Consent and learning disability Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Consent and learning disability - Essay Example People with learning disabilities may have difficulty with the second key component. Yet as part of their autonomy requirements consent cannot be denied to them and it is essential that there is an understanding of the manner in which their autonomy can be enhanced and not compromised. With more and more people with learning disabilities in the United Kingdom seeking generic health care services, as a result of the policies of the health care authorities, consent with regard to people with learning difficulties becomes a significant issue for professionals involved with providing health care services to people with learning difficulties (Brittle, 2004). In the United Kingdom nearly one-and-half million people are estimated to be affected by learning disabilities. Two factors need to be considered when addressing people with learning difficulties. The first is that learning difficulty remains with these individuals throughout the course of their life and the second is that these individuals have their own likes and dislikes, history and opinions and possess the same rights like any other citizen of the United Kingdom. The Royal College of Nursing Learning Disability Nursing Forum, 2006, relates learning difficulties to those individuals, who demonstrate the characteristics of â€Å"a significant impairment of intelligence, a significant impairment of adaptive function and age of onset before adulthood† (The Royal College of Nursing Learning Disability Nursing Forum, 2006). There are no laboratory tests or imaging tests that form the basis of identifying individuals with learning tests. The measure of intelligence based on cognitive assessment, whereby the intelligence quotient (IQ) score is ascertained, is the means to identifying people with learning difficulties. Such IQ tests evaluate the abilities of an individual in areas such as comprehension, expression, knowledge, abstract thinking, memory and problem-solving skills. These tests are normally