Religious Expression's relation to ancient cultures through Greek and Essay

Religious Expression's relation to ancient cultures through Greek and Roman times - Essay Example II. Roman Temple Cultus (150 words) The temple cultus of Rome was what drove Roman society. Romans were expected to make sacrifices to the temple court on a regular basis, and no one was exempt—from the very wealthy to the very poor. However, early Christianity started to rise up in popularity. The Christians refused to pay sacrifices to the temple cultus, claiming that they only served one god alone. According to Hauer and Young (1998), â€Å"On one point devout Christians were obdurate in their resistance to Roman policy. This was teh cult of the divine emperor†¦The cult of the emperor was more popular in the provinces than in Rome itself [and the divine kingship in the eastern Mediterranean† (pp. 338). This was the beginning of the end of divine rule in Rome, as Christianity was spreading like wildfire. It is certain that the rituals that the Christians developed were based on traditions already in place. III. Pre-Christian Tradition in Rome (300 words) Early Ch ristianity was basically based on Judaism as well as Roman religious tradition. Everything from the Lord’s Supper (which was basically consisting of bread and wine)—to providing sacrifices for Jehovah or Yahweh—were rituals based on both Roman and Jewish tradition. While the Eucharist was based on a Jewish tradition, Roman love-feasts were also the basis for the Lord’s Supper. People got together in secret burial societies and had feasts, committing each other to themselves in order to ensure that after their deaths they would be properly buried. These burial societies were the precursors of early Christian tradition. It was only with the appearance of the early church fathers that these Jewish and Roman customs were totally extracted from Christian tradition, and new religious meanings were associated with the Lord’s Supper. In lieu of the Jewish tradition of celebrating in the mikveh ceremonies, the practice was renamed baptism and was required o f all Christian converts. There were so many traditions that were borrowed from Judeo-Roman religious tradition that many Christians are not even aware of these traditions. It is necessary for Christians to realize that Christianity indeed was a sprout forth from Judaism, and, indirectly, a branch of Judaism. The only difference was that Christianity declared Jesus not only their prophet, but the son of God, Yahweh—also known as Jehovah in some circles, depending upon one whether one used the Hebrew or the Greek translation. Even though the language of Jesus was Aramaic, many of Jesus’s followers were indeed Jewish before realizing that following Jesus meant converting into a Christian—which was a new way of life and unfettered by all the rules of Pharisaic Judaism. Indeed, it is true that the several traditions that still continue today in Christianity are evocative of religious Jewish and Roman tradition. IV. Greek Gods (200 words) Greek gods were frequently w orshipped in the Greco-Roman Empire as well. Since the histories of both Greece and Rome are so intertwined, some of their religious traditions overlapped. According to Newsom and Ringe (1998)â€Å"Many cities honored one particular god or goddess as primary, such as the worship of Artemis at Ephesus, but also honored other deities as well. Judaism acknowledged only one deity, Yahweh, the God of Israel†¦

Moral Frameworks of Terrorists

Moral Frameworks of Terrorists This paper discusses, with reference to two examples, whether terrorists can appeal to a consistent moral framework. Terrorism can be, and indeed, most usually is defined in the literature, as a strategy of violence that is designed to promote a desired outcome through instilling fear in the public at large. There are, however, disagreements amongst many academics, from political science, law and human rights analysts, as to the definition of terrorism that should be used in practice, as some academics argue that the motives that fuel some terrorists are politically valid. The definition of terrorism currently in use by the UN is, â€Å"any act†¦intended to cause death or serious bodily harm to civilians or non-combatants with the purpose of intimidating a population or compelling a government or an international organisation to do, or abstain from doing, any act.† (Annan, 2005). Regardless of the particular definition of terrorism that is employed, terrorist acts are generally defined through their violence, the psychological impact of the act, the political goal of the act and the fact that they are usually perpetrated against civilians, or non-combatants. Obviously, as a result of these factors, terrorism is regarded, everywhere, as unlawful and an illegitimate means of achieving the ends that are sought, but as the famous saying goes, â€Å"one man’s terrorism is another man’s freedom fighter†. Recent events have brought this to the fore, with the war in Afghanistan bringing back many memories for the United States government, who supported the Afghan Mujahideen as ‘freedom fighters’ during the United States war with the Soviet Union, but recently, the United States government branding breakaway Afghan groups as terrorists, and launching a war in Afghanistan to stop them in their terrorist acts. Nelson Mandela, ex-Preside nt of South Africa, and Nobel Laureate, was once branded a terrorist and was imprisoned for decades for his terrorist acts; a definition for terrorism, and the word terrorist thus seems to be flexible, depending on the political context and the aims that are trying to be achieved by the people supporting the country in which the terrorist is present. What is certain, however, is that the people committing the stated acts of terrorism wholly believe in what they are fighting to achieve, and, as such, construct some sort of moral framework to justify their actions and their beliefs. This paper is interested in how and why these frameworks are constructed and whether terrorists can ever appeal to a consistent moral framework for their actions. As Bandura (1990) argues, terrorists are able to morally disengage through many psychological routes, and, as such, it is a societal responsibility to ensure civilised conduct through social systems which uphold compassionate behaviour and which denounce, and renounce, cruelty in any form. As Bandura (1990) argues, moral standards do not function as fixed internal regulators of conduct, but rather, self-regulatory mechanisms do not engage until they are activated, and there are many ways in which these regulatory mechanisms can be disengaged, allowing the emergence of different types of conduct with the same moral standards. Bandura (1990) further argues that political diversity and the toleration of public expressions of scepticism create the conditions that allow the emergence of challenges to suspect moral appeals, such that if societies are to safeguard against the occurrence of terrorism, they must establish social safeguards against the misuse of institutional justificatory pow ers for ends which are exploitative and destructive. As such, Bandura (1990) seems to be arguing that it is the fault of the state, which has not ensured a proper, functioning, framework for the non-appearance of terrorism, which allows terrorism to grow, not that terrorists themselves are at fault. This type of argument does not require an appeal to moral consistency or moral frameworks on the part of the terrorist, but rather argues that terrorists are a product of a dysfunctional society, which is responsible for the appearance of terrorists. Further to this, Atram (2006) concludes that suicide terrorism cannot be explained by a single political root cause, such as the presence of foreign military forces or the absence of democracy, as other factors such as psychological motivations, or religious inspirations can also contribute to the desire to undertake terrorist acts. As Atram (2006) argues, any simplistic accounts of terrorism, why it happens and what leads people to become terrorists, are bound to failure as terrorists have underlying moral values and group dynamics which are complex themselves and also intertwined in a complex manner. Only when these root causes are fully understood by decision-makers will organisational and ideological solutions that could defuse the threat of terrorism be found (Atram, 2006). As such, as Atram (2006) argues, terrorists have a consistent moral framework within which they work, allowing them to unilaterally act, in concert, to achieve their ends. There have been many terrorist acts in recent history, including the Munich massacre in 1972, during the Olympic Games, bombing of flights including Pan Am Flight 103 over Lockerbie, gas attacks in Tokyo, bombing campaigns in Ireland by the IRA, the 9/11 attacks on the United States and, following this, the Bali bombings, the London and Madrid bombings. Terrorism is a tactic that has been used for a long time to achieve political ends, but it has recently come to the fore through the massive loss of life in the 9/11 bombings, and the subsequent wars, as this was an attack against the currently most powerful nation on Earth, on home soil, killing thousands of innocents. Terrorism, as a political tool, has therefore come to be used almost as a daily term, in the media, by academics, in family homes, and, indeed, the populace is scared, perhaps by hyper coverage of terrorism in the media, perhaps by the attacks themselves, but, for whatever reason, the populace is scared, and so the ter rorists are winning, under the definitions of terrorism which have been discussed herein. The current paper will discuss two examples of terrorist groups in order to assess the moral framework to which they adhere, to assess whether this framework is consistent, and, if, indeed, it can ever be argued that terrorists can appeal to a consistent moral framework. Colombia has been involved in what is termed an ‘armed struggle’ for the past four decades, since the death of Gaitan in the 1960s, when the FARC and the ELN were founded, ironically, as a call to stop La Violencia which had begun following Gaitan’s death. At this time, these two guerrilla groups campaigned for peace, for free elections and for the return of a leftist government. The FARC and the ELN have, however, in recent decades, become embroiled in the drugs trade, gaining money through the drugs trade in order to fund their ‘war’ on the Colombian government, and their fight for peace in Colombia. In response to this, it is known that the current administration funded paramilitary groups to fight against the guerrillas[1], although the paramilitary groups have themselves become embroiled in the drugs trade and are known to have committed acts of terrorism against civilians and non-combatants, such that there is now a war between the guerrillas an d the paramilitaries. Thus, the situation in Colombia is extremely complex. FARC and ELN guerrillas began with the stated aim of returning Colombia to peace, through the instigation of free elections, seeking a solid political end to La Violencia. Their moral framework was just that: a moral framework through which they were seeking to return Colombia to some semblance of normality. However, as we have seen, and because it is so easy, in a country where it is so difficult to earn a living any other way, the guerrilla groups became embroiled in the drugs trade, and, as such, their moral framework for committing terrorist acts has changed, and indeed, the way in which they commit their terrorist acts has changed, with IRA terrorists training the guerrillas in bombing tactics, and these being used on Colombian military targets, unfortunately to great effect, with the concomitant loss of many lives. Thus, the Colombian case is extremely complex, with guerrilla groups starting out with mainly political aims, b ut with these same groups now largely fighting to retain control of their share of the drugs trade, causing armed combat between members of these guerrilla groups and government-backed paramilitaries whenever they come in to contact. Thus, the FARC and the ELN, although they started out as political terrorists are now seen as groups which use their skills to dominate the drugs trade, through the taking of national territory and the submission of hundreds of thousands of farmers in the regions in which they hold territory. The moral framework that these terrorist groups adhere to has, therefore, firstly, radically changed over the period of activity, and has taken a far less ‘helpful’ turn, in terms of terrorising a whole country and causing problems for Colombia in terms of international relations, economic development and human rights issues. The FARC and ELN, if they adhere to any framework at all, for their actions, certainly cannot argue that this framework is in any way moral and it certainly has not been consistent. As such, for these groups of terrorists, who literally hold a country to ransom, there can be no argument of a consistent moral framework that is in place, and there can be no argum ent for the existence of any consistent moral framework for the human rights abuses they cause and the economic and political havoc they create for Colombia. The next terrorist group we shall look at is the Sendero Luminoso (Shining Path) of Peru, which was formed as a political guerrilla group, in response to Peru’s military dictatorship, with the stated aim of achieving free elections within Peru and placing a communist party in control of Peru, through the Pensamiento Gonzalo ideology (named after the thinking of Guzman, the Shining Path’s leader). The Shining Path took to violent means as a way of achieving its stated aims, and, indeed, is known to be responsible for some of the worst massacres in Peruvian history, with Peru’s human rights record being atrocious, on account of the atrocities committed by the Shining Path. The Shining Path seized control of large areas of Peru, but their communist ideas were never popular with the Peruvian populace, and so their guerrilla war began to lose support and its base began to falter. The Shining Path support fell dramatically following Guzman’s capture in 1992, and the capture of his successor several years later, with its successor movement, Proseguir, having very few supporters and arguing mainly for the release of former Shining Path members. In terms of the moral framework of the Shining Path, their aims were very clear and political in scope, although the situation was complicated as Fujimori, the Peruvian Prime Minister at the time, branded anyone who spoke against the government a terrorist (see Burt, 2006). Even though the Shining Path were obviously terrorists who, it has been proven, were responsible for many civilian deaths, the Shining Path had a consistent moral framework to which they subscribed and which dictated their actions: the installation of communism within Peru. This framework was the reason for the establishment of the group, and was consistent across the time during which the Shining Path was active within Peru. Thus, in this guerrilla group, unlike in the guerrilla groups active in Colombia, the moral framework for the Shining Path’s actions was very clear and fixed, and consistent across the history of the Shining Path. We have therefore discussed two cases, of three guerrilla groups, two in Colombia, one in Peru, two of which (the FARC and the ELN) have evolved in their ideology and moral framework as they moved through time, and one of which (the Shining Path) had a consistent moral framework in place for their actions, which informed, supported and dictated their actions in terms of achieving their stated aims (i.e., the installation of communism within Peru). Thus, terrorists, and terrorist groups, as we have seen in the case of the FARC and ELN, can evolve and change, in terms of their aims and their objectives, and the means used to achieve these aims. As such, their moral frameworks also change and move with the new orientation. Under this analysis, it is implicit that terrorists have a moral conscience, that although this moral conscience allows them to commit acts that are considered terrorist acts by society, they do have a moral conscience, and one that can be called upon to support their objectives and their aims, and which can be used as a way of justifying any terrorist acts that they commit. As we have seen, as Atram (2006) concludes, the emergence of terrorism cannot be explained by a single political root cause, such as the presence of foreign military forces or the absence of democracy, as other factors such as psychological motivations, or religious inspirations can also contribute to the desire to undertake terrorist acts. As Atram (2006) argues, any simplistic accounts of terrorism, why it happens and what leads people to become terrorists, are bound to failure as terrorists have underlying moral values and group dynamics which are complex themselves and also intertwined in a complex manner. On ly when these root causes are fully understood by decision-makers will organisational and ideological solutions that could defuse the threat of terrorism be found (Atram, 2006). As such, as Atram (2006) argues, terrorists have a consistent moral framework within which they work, allowing them to unilaterally act, in concert, to achieve their ends. Thus, the FARC and the ELN, and the Shining Path, although, as we have seen, they have, and continue to, commit terrorist acts, they can call upon a moral framework for these acts, in terms of having justifiable reasons for their objectives and aims, and the way in which these objectives are achieved, such that these acts are perpetuated under what they consider to be a moral framework. That the rest of society does not see this framework as moral, under normal societal definitions of moral, is beyond them, beyond their understanding for, as Bandura (1990) argues, moral standards do not function as fixed internal regulators of conduct, but rather, self-regulatory mechanisms do not engage until they are activated, and there are many ways in which these regulatory mechanisms can be disengaged, allowing the emergence of different types of conduct with the same moral standards. This paper has discussed the issue of whether terrorists can appeal to a consistent moral framework. As we have seen, there are many definitions of terrorism in use in the literature, as there are disagreements as to the definition of terrorism[2], as some academics argue that the motives that fuel some terrorists are politically valid. Indeed, ‘terrorist’ and ‘terrorism’ seem to have been, and be, somewhat flexible terms, depending on the political affiliation of the terrorist/terrorist act; many people would call the acts committed by the Israeli’s against the Palestinians, for example, terrorist acts, but these seem to be supported by the United States government, as Israel is currently one of the highest recipients of United States foreign aid. Similarly, as we have seen, Nelson Mandela, ex-President of South Africa, and Nobel Laureate, was once branded a terrorist and was imprisoned for decades for his terrorist acts; a definition for terrorism, and the word terrorist thus seems to be flexible, depending on the political context and the aims that are trying to be achieved by the people supporting the country in which the terrorist is present. Although the word ‘terrorist’ and the term ‘terrorism’ are open to interpretation, by politicians, and under international law, as we have seen[3], terrorists do subscribe to what they consider to be a moral framework for their objectives, and to support their acts to achieve these objectives. As we have seen from the two examples used here, these moral frameworks can stay static throughout the history of the terrorist group (as with the Shining Path) or can change over time in response to external factors or political events (as with the FARC and the ELN). Thus, the issue of whether terrorists can appeal to a consistent moral framework, I will argue, is valid: indeed, although this framework may be seen as amoral by the rest of society, the terrorist defines their objectives as moral, under a moral framework, which for them is consistent in terms of leading to desired objectives. Whether this framework is consistent across time is a matter for discussion, f or, as we have seen, some terrorist groups find their objectives changing with shifting external circumstances, and, as such, their framework, whilst remaining internally morally consistent, in terms of the objectives, is not externally consistent over time. As Atram (2006) argues, terrorists have a consistent moral framework within which they work, allowing them to unilaterally act, in concert, to achieve their ends: it is this framework which allows them to function, as a unit, in order to achieve their aims and objectives. References Annan, K., 2005. Larger Freedom. Speech given to the United Nations at the Security Council Meeting on 17th March 2005. Atram, S., 2006. The moral logic and growth of suicide terrorism. The Washington Quarterly 29(2), pp.127-147. Bandura, A., 1990. Mechanisms of moral disengagement. In Reich, W. (ed.), Origins of terrorism: psychologies, ideologies, theologies, states of mind (pp.161-191). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Burt, J-M., 2006. Quien habla es terrorista: the political use of fear in Fujimori’s Peru. Latin American Research Review 41(3), pp.32-62. Saul, B., 2006. Two justifications for terrorism: a moral legal response. Foreign Policy in Focus, FPIF Policy Report. January 10th 2006. Available from http://www.fpif.org/pdf/papers/0601justifications.pdf Accessed on 30th April 2007. 1 Footnotes [1] As part of their efforts to secure, and retain, money from the United States, through their War on Drugs programme. [2] Although, as we have seen, the definition of terrorism currently in use by the UN is, â€Å"any act†¦intended to cause death or serious bodily harm to civilians or non-combatants with the purpose of intimidating a population or compelling a government or an international organisation to do, or abstain from doing, any act.† (Annan, 2005). This definition is also used by the International Criminal Court, and by most human rights lawyers who are involved in prosecuting terrorist acts. [3] with, as we have seen, for example, the war in Afghanistan bringing back many memories for the United States government, who supported the Afghan Mujahideen as ‘freedom fighters’ during the United States war with the Soviet Union, but recently, the United States government branding breakaway Afghan groups as terrorists, and launching a war in Afghanistan to stop them in their terrorist acts.

Essay --

On Friday, 19, 1971, Cornelius â€Å"Neil† Sheehan of the New York Times received copies of a Defense Department study labeled â€Å"Top Secret – Sensitive† regarding U.S. foreign affairs in Vietnam. At that time, the U.S. was deeply involved in the Vietnam War, with no foreseeable end. Sheehan had received the documents, entitled â€Å"United States – Vietnam Relations, 1945-1967,† from Daniel Ellsberg, a defense analyst formerly employed at RAND Corporation. As Sheehan and his colleagues examined the study, an argument sparked over whether the papers would ever be released. Some argued it was treasonous to publish stories based on critical parts of a 7,000-page, 47-volume, top-secret government study. Others believed that it was the duty of the Times to release the truth about what truly was happening in Vietnam. Arthur Sulzberger, the publisher of the newspaper, was far less than eager about publication. He was uneasy about a dissertation so obviously critical to national security. Finally, on June 11, Sulzberger called Times executives to his office and announced he had decided to go ahead as planned. On June 13, 1971, The New York Times ran the stories covered up by four presidents: Harry Truman, Dwight Eisenhower, John Kennedy, and Lyndon Johnson. Less than three weeks after the release of the stories, the Supreme Court would issue a landmark ruling. In any case involving classified government material, the right of the people to know the information must be weighed against the responsibility of the government to protect its citizens. In this particular case, the right of the people to know what has been hidden from them by countless officials for dozens of years severely outweighs the responsibility of the government to protect old ... ...r 7, 1964, that air raids would be necessary to win the Vietnam War. Apparently, the Nixon Administration reached a similar conclusion, because toward the end of the war, because right after the Pentagon Paper were released President Nixon ordered an extensive bombing campaign on the North Vietnamese. The study also revealed that President Johnson secretly paved the way for ground combat in Vietnam. Based on the evidence, it seems that Johnson, or at least his administration were interested in escalating the war in Vietnam, not ending it, as they had announced to the public. The entirety of the Pentagon Papers suggests that the United States escalated the Vietnam War, instead of trying to bring it to an end. It was the responsibility of the press to exercise its right of free speech, and the right of the public to know that the government they trusted had lied.

The positives and negatives towards physical education

‘Young kids are taking progressively sedentary lives, with physical activity often being displaced by telecasting screening, cyberspace surfboarding and picture gambling ‘ , Myers, Strikmiller, Webber and Berenson ( 1996 ) . Furthermore, great concern has surfaced for this lifestyle alteration as, harmonizing to the World Health Organization ( 2000 ) childhood fleshiness has risen dramatically in the last 10 old ages. When looking at the school context, integrating physical activity or athletics is a likely agency of bettering the physical wellness position of kids, Haskell ( 1994 ) . Harmonizing to research undertaken physical instruction can take to improved cognitive public presentation ; Sibley & A ; Etiner ( 2003 ) . Research besides shows us that in some fortunes physical instruction can take to improved attending and greater concentration, Hillman, Castelli & A ; Buck ( 2005 ) , Shephard ( 1996 ) . With this in head can physical instruction Teach immature people ab out self worth and the value of esteeming others? This paper will research the thought that physical instruction can make these things but besides look at the impudent side of the coin and see if they can hold a negative mentality on students. Prior to the general election in 1997 the labor party stated that ‘Sport can be important to the societal and personal development of immature people and by take parting in featuring activities they can larn to distinguish between good and bad behavior ‘ , ( Crabbe 2000 ) adds that the labor party declared that if elected they would get down developing featuring chances for immature people to, ‘help them further a sense of their value to society and assist undertake jobs of young person offense ‘ . Indeed when elected in 1997 the Labour authorities started back uping athleticss programmes for young persons both in and out of school. It is excessively early in to the new Conservative/Liberal alliance to cognize how they will back up athleticss programmes for kids, as on one manus they have begun programs to get down a schools Olympic manner competition modelled on London 2012, Telegraph ( 2010 ) , but on the other the have already began cuts on public disbursem ent which is extremely likely to impact schools. Within schools, physical instruction is an indispensable constituent of quality instruction. Not merely make physical instruction programmes promote physical activity, but harmonizing to Nicholas ( 2004 ) participants in such programmes are besides shown to hold improved academic public presentation under certain conditions. It is frequently believed that athletics and physical instruction is cardinal to the early development of kids and young person and the accomplishments learned during drama, physical instruction and feature contribute to the holistic development of immature people. Harmonizing to Hendry ( 1993 ) ‘through engagement in athletics and physical instruction immature people learn about the importance of cardinal values such as, honestness, just drama regard for themselves and others and attachment to the regulations ‘ . Collins ( 2003 ) ads it besides provides a forum for immature people to larn how to cover with competition and how to get by with both winn ing and losing. These larning facets highlight the impact of physical accomplishments and abilities. Measuring the relationship between physical instruction and academic accomplishment is a hard undertaking, due to the challenges of shaping and mensurating Physical Education. i.e. it is hard when the clip kids spend in P.E every bit good as the quality of direction they receive varies from school to school. In 2005 a survey was conducted by Grissom ( 2005 ) , of 884,715 pupils in California to measure the relationship between physical fittingness, a marker of physical activity and academic accomplishment over the class of a school twelvemonth. Grissom besides included pupil ‘s socioeconomic position and gender. Grissom ‘s findings supported the presence of a positive relationship between physical fittingness and academic accomplishment. Subsequent analyses revealed that this relationship was stronger for misss than for male childs and stronger for those who came from higher socioeconomic back evidences than those who came from lower socioeconomic backgrounds. Nichols ( 2 007 ) adds to this by saying every bit good as a kid ‘s academic accomplishment improving, ‘through physical instruction they besides learn the value of esteeming others through squad work and competition ‘ . It seems plausible that kids wining at athleticss at school i.e. doing a squad or going captain could do a kid attempt harder at other topics such as maths, English and scientific discipline because the sense of joy they get from accomplishing positive ends in athletics could take to the kid desiring to travel to school. But look at the impudent side of the coin. The survey above was a generalization. Would the survey achieve the same consequences if all the students had non liked physical education/sport? What if a kid hates physical education/sport or even worse loves the athletics but is merely non good plenty to acquire in the squad or nine he or she tries out for. There seems to be small or no research to supply grounds on bettering cognitive public presentation or larning self deserving for those with less ability in a athletics. One could reason that it could hold a negative consequence on cognitive public presentation and classs could get down to drop. The grounds for this co uld be the kid could be bullied about his or hers lack of accomplishment in athletics or the kid could get down to resent traveling to school and attending could drop. In 1985 after a survey by Noles ( 1985 ) , he recommended supplying physical activity in primary schools based on physical activity penchants. He states, ‘by offering a broad assortment of activity types, for illustration, dance, aerobic exercises, running and ball games and let kids to take part in the activity of their pick, you are far more likely to acquire kids to prosecute to the full ‘ . This would be on a day-to-day footing with the intent of supplying regular physical activity and for kids to take portion in something they enjoy. This is supported by the British authorities who recommend 30 proceedingss of moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity per twenty-four hours for kids in primary schools and 5 hours per hebdomad for secondary school pupils, 2.5 hours of which comes through P.E taught in school and a farther 2.5 hours completed through after school squads etc. ‘Specialist athleticss colleges are at the Centre of the authorities ‘s scheme to heighten immature people ‘s chances to take part in a broad scope of athleticss every bit good as lifting the criterion of instruction and acquisition of physical instruction and school athletics ‘ . ( Youth athletics trust 2010 ) . 1997 saw the debut of athleticss colleges as portion of the specializer schools programme in the United Kingdom. Harmonizing to ( Sport England 2010 ) these plans allow secondary schools to specialize in certain Fieldss, in this instance PE, athleticss and dance. Sports colleges are designed to develop a seeable ethos throughout the school and within their local community which will hopefully animate their scholars to prosecute in athletics. Harmonizing to ( specialist athleticss school criterions 2010 ) athleticss colleges will, back up the authoritiess aspiration for all immature people to hold two hours high quality PE per hebdomad within and outside the course of study. Take an appropriate function in the physical instruction, school athletics and nines link. Develop the accomplishments and apprehension of instructors and do greater usage of new engineerings as a manner of raising the quality of instruction and acquisition in PE. Extend proviso and installations to profit all scholars of all featuring abilities, whilst besides giving those with the greatest possible, chances to accomplish the highest criterions of which they are capable. Work with other schools and the wider community to develop and portion good pattern, installations, human and other resources. And eventually are involved in national enterprises ( e.g. Step into Sport ) and competitions that enrich proviso in PE and athletics for their ain scholars and those in their spouse schools. ‘Team games in physical instruction and athletics are frequently where negative behavior, such as cheating, dissent towards teachers/officials, winning/losing ungraciously and inordinate aggression are often exhibited ‘ , Shephard ( 1997 ) , this creates a figure of chances for the instructor to discus behaviors and values associated to these behaviors. The overall purpose of each of the lessons is for the specific behaviors attached to each of the values are modelled by the students and for these behaviors to be taken beyond the field/gymnasium. Harmonizing to Shephard et Al ( 1994 ) , there are peculiar conditions that should use to each lesson that will make a positive acquisition environment for values-based instruction. If the following acquisition conditions are in topographic point the lesson is more likely to be a successful one: ( 1 ) . Teaching manner. The instructor should be confident in utilizing a divergent, child-centred manner. Her/his function is one of facilitator and perceiver. The ability to reflect eloquently on the behavior in the lesson is indispensable. Behaviour that reflect the values are referred to as ‘teachable minutes ‘ . They can be positive or negative illustrations although positive TMs tend to be more effectual than negative. ( 2 ) . A set of nucleus values for the lessons should be identified and put under the streamer of ‘Fair Play ‘ . For the lesson illustrations given are respect, equity, duty, trust and inclusion but they can be chosen harmonizing to the ethos of the school or the demands of the kids. ( 3 ) . The instructor to move as a function theoretical account. It seems plausible that if a instructor wants the kids to show certain behaviors so he/she must pattern those behaviors themselves. For illustration, covering with both winning and losing, and the success and failure that brings, in an honorable manner. ( 4 ) .Building positive relationships. Often a PE instructor has more chance to construct positive relationships with students inside and outside of their lessons. For illustration, a instructor looking for chances to raise the self-pride of a ‘difficult ‘ student by offering congratulations in private whilst walking back to the changing room. In decision, it is unrealistic to claim that physical instruction entirely can take to greater academic accomplishment. Although ( Gatz et al 2002 ) argues that, ‘organised physical instruction programmes, can nevertheless, contribute to giving better moralss and values by giving immature people a positive individuality, feelings of authorization and by assisting young person get leading, teamwork and self-governance accomplishments under grownup supervising ‘ . Furthermore Andrews ( 2010 ) adds to this by saying ‘in general athletics and physical instruction is considered extremely good to the physical and mental development of a kid and non merely does it assist better a kid ‘s co-ordination and increase consciousness of his or her organic structure, but besides helps them interact socially, learn regulations and esteem them, heighten concentration capacity and learn to take duties ‘ . Although surveies in the past all seem to hold that physical instru ction does take to greater cognitive public presentation and Teach kids moralss and values of regard for themselves and others, these are all generalizations. Furthermore the lone thing that does look to be clear is the fact that physical instruction does assist battle kid fleshiness which is a turning concern and few would differ that a kid that looks good would experience good about themselves, giving the kid a sense of ego worth. Golenberg et Al ( 2000 ) discussed the values of the organic structure in relation to the consequence they can hold on ego regard, saying that ‘one ‘s physical organic structure is a possible beginning of ego regard and that non populating up to societal criterions sing the organic structure can hold negative effects for the ego ‘ . ‘Among male childs and misss organic structure dissatisfaction is linked to moo self esteem insecurity and depression ‘ , Cash et Al ( 1986 ) , McCaulay et Al ( 1988 ) , ‘while organic stru cture satisfaction is associated with felicity ‘ , Berscheid et Al ( 1973 ) .

European Custom Law

The Customs Union is one the bases of the European Union and an essential element in the functioning of the unified market. The unified market can only function when there is a common application of common rules at its external borders. This implies that the 27 Customs administrations of the EU must act, as they were one. These common rules go beyond the Customs Union as such, and extend to all aspects of trade policy, such as preferential trade, health, environmental control, the protection of EU economic interests and the management of external relations. The creation of a customs union in the European Economic Community in 1968 was implemented internally through the abolition of customs duties, quantitative restrictions and measures having equivalent effect between Member States and, on the external front, through the introduction of a common customs tariff and a common commercial policy. In fact, goods imported from third countries had to be treated in the same way by all Member States in order to circulate freely in the customs union. But the customs union itself had to be integrated into the existing international economic order, regulated by the 1948 General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade. On the EEC Treaty the Member States declared that in creating a customs union, they intended to contribute, in accordance with the common interest, to a harmonious development of world trade, a gradual removal of restrictions to international trade and the lowering of customs barriers. The creation of the customs union has led to strong growth in intra-Community trade, but the Community has not become insolated. Instead, it has developed into the world's biggest importer and exporter. In addition, the rules of the GATT and the various international agreements created under their influence, formed the legal basis for the EU's own commercial policy instruments and action, notably in the field of tariffs, the application of safeguard measures, anti-dumping and anti-subsidies actions. The European Union can introduce surveillance and safeguard measures in the framework of the common rules for imports when imports at prices viewed as normal are causing or risk causing serious injury to European producers. In cases where the export price is lower than the normal value of a like product (dumping), the EU can take trade protection measures, notably through the application of anti-dumping duties. European rules being compatible with those of the World Trade Organization, economic operators must comply with only one set of rules for imports into the EU These rules apply automatically in the new States acceding to the EU. The Member States of the European Union no longer have an independent foreign trade policy. More than 60% of their trade is intra-European and as such it depends on the rules of the single market that prohibit any trade protection or trade promotion measures. For the remaining 40% of their trade, the main instruments of commercial policy, the Common Customs Tariff, the common import arrangements and the common protective measures are in the hands of the organs of the EU, the Commission and the Council. Together they contribute to ensuring an even competition playing field for European businesses, giving them access to equal prices for imported raw materials and other products they need. At the same time, the common commercial policy facilitates the work of European importers who can use a uniform import license, valid throughout the EU. Mission statement of Customs authorities:The European Commission website on its Taxation and Union section states:â€Å"Customs authorities shall be primarily responsible for supervision of the Community’s international trade, thereby contributing to fair and open trade, to implementation of the external aspects of the internal market, of the common trade policy and of the other common Community policies having a bearing on trade, and to overall supply chain security. Customs authorities shall put in place measures aimed, in particular, at:a. Protecting the financial interests of the Community and its Member States;b. Protecting the Community from unfair and illegal trade while supporting legitimate business activity;c. Ensuring the security and safety of the Community and its residents, and protection of the environment, where appropriate in close cooperation with other authorities;d. Maintaining a proper balance between customs controls and facilitation of legitimate trade. The two faces of customsCustoms services in the EU play a dual role. Customs officers still act as collectors of customs levying import duties and taxes but increasingly they also work as â€Å"watchdogs† securing the Union’s external borders to protect citizens’ health and safety. Checks to enforce security and safety rules can only be performed at the EU’s external borders. It is inevitable that certain cargo shipments, which could pose a risk to the safety or security of the EU and its citizens, must be stopped and checked. These checks are different from the task of levying import duties, which customs authorities can perform at a later stage along the supply chain, for example on the premises of the importer or exporter, to avoid congestion at the EU’s external borders. The watchdogBorder checks to guarantee the safety and security of European citizens are performed by customs officers in close cooperation with other border agencies, such as veterinary and product safety authorities. Two particular causes of concern for customs authorities with respect to health and safety are counterfeit goods and drug precursors. The collector of customsEvery shipment of goods, which enters the European Union, has to be declared to customs. On the basis of the customs declarations, customs officers check the shipment and levy the import duties and taxes due. In 2007, import duties totaling over â‚ ¬15 billion were levied, which is equivalent to 13. 2% of the revenue side of the EU budget (Garcia, 2012)Application of Common Customs Tariff:A customs union is characterized by the existence of a single external tariff applied by all Member States to imports coming from third countries. Such imports only have to clear customs once and can then move freely within the common customs area. Reaching an agreement among the original Member States on a single external tariff required a complex striking of balances and compromises, given the different national interests, stemming from the different products that each country wished to protect. The common customs tariff (CCT) adopted by the European institutions in 1968 is, therefore, a major achievement of European integration (Article 28 TFEU, ex Article 23 TEC). For the member countries, the CCT meant both the loss of customs revenue, which, since 1975, has been a resource of the Community/Union budget, and the option of carrying out an independent customs or trade policy. No member country can unilaterally decide on or negotiate tariff matters; all changes to the CCT are decided by the Council following negotiation (if necessary) and proposal by the Commission. All bilateral (between the EU and non-member countries) and multilateral negotiations are carried out by the Commission. As of 1968, the Member States are not entitled to unilaterally carry out customs policy, i. e. suspend customs duties or change CCT. Only the Council can waive the normal application of CCT by means of regulations adopting various tariff measures. Such measures, whether required under agreements or introduced unilaterally, involve reductions in customs duties or zero-rating in respect of some or all imports of a given product in the territory of the European Union. They take the form of EU tariff quotas, tariff ceilings or total or partial suspension of duties. Modernized Customs Code: Customs authorities today, faced with this rapidly changing and challenging environment, must ensure that they continue to provide a first-class service to EU citizens and companies. A central pillar of the MCC is the concept of centralized clearance, which makes it possible for authorized EU traders to declare goods electronically and pay their customs duties and value-added tax (VAT) at the place where their business is established, irrespective of the member state where the goods are presented. Centralized clearance builds upon the current practice of Single Authorization for Simplified Procedures. The current draft of the MCCIP, however, requires that traders send the required customs clearance information to multiple member states. Basically, where the customs office designated for the lodging of customs declarations (i. e. , supervising customs office) is in a different member state than the customs office that receives the physical goods (i. e. customs office of presentation/importation), the importer must provide the entry information to the customs offices in both member states as well as the member state where the VAT is due. The modernisation and simplification of the customs legal and technological environment started several years ago with a major amendment to the Community Customs Code adopted in 2005, which gave EU customs authorities the powers to implement some of the most advanced security requirements in the world, while creating an environment that does not disrupt legitimate trade. This amendment is expected to be fully mplemented by mid 2016. The Modernized Customs Code will, when fully implemented, provide the necessary simplifications to make customs and trade work better, faster and cheaper. The Electronic Customs Decision already provides a significant step forward in linking national customs Information and Communication Technology systems, benefiting both customs and trade. By meeting the needs of modern logistics, a pan-European electronic customs will increase the competitiveness of companies doing business in Europe, reduce compliance costs and improve security at the EU borders. The proposal to amend the mutual administrative assistance provisions in customs matters will streamline and improve the current IT systems and enhance capacity in the fight against fraud in the customs sector. These are important legal and technological steps that will prepare European customs both for the immediate and the medium term future. Electronic Customs are a significant development for the E. U. Customs that aims to provide interoperable customs systems, accessible to economic operators throughout the Community by replacing paper-based customs procedures with similar declarations in electronic form across the entire E. U. , thus creating a more efficient, simpler and modern customs environment. The electronic office is a very important development for the E. U. Customs. Its aim is to provide interoperable customs systems, accessible to economic operators throughout the Community, in order to replace the current paper-based customs procedures, with similar declarations in e lectronic form throughout the entire E. U. , thus creating a more efficient, simpler and modern customs environment. Trade facilitation and security strengthen at external E. U. borders are the twin goals of this project. Specifically, this initiative aims to * Make easier the movement and control of goods to and from the internal market through efficient import and export procedures. * Increase the competitiveness of European trade, by reducing compliance and administrative costs as well as to speed up clearance times. * Facilitate legitimate trade through a coordinated and common approach of goods control.

Definition and Examples of Spelling in English

Definition and Examples of Spelling in English In written language, spelling is the choice and arrangement of letters that form words. English spelling, says R.L. Trask, is notoriously complex, irregular, and eccentric, more so than in almost any other written language (Mind the Gaffe!, 2006). Pronunciation: SPEL-ing Also Known As: orthography Etymology: From Middle English, reading letter by letter Examples and Observations [S]pelling is not a reliable index of intelligence...Many intelligent people struggle with English spelling, while others will find it comparatively easy to master. Learning to spell correctly requires remembering numerous unusual and peculiar spelling forms. Some people are just better at this form of rote learning than others... One of the reasons why English spelling is so unpredictable is because its vocabulary consists of many words derived from other languages, which have been adopted with their original spellings intact. Understanding the origins of these words and the languages they have come from will help help with spelling them. (Simon Horobin, Does Spelling Matter? Oxford University Press, 2013) A Mutt of a Language That English is such a mutt of a language only served to make the resulting spellings that much harder. Old English had already been borrowing from, and interbreeding with, Dutch and Latin before the Norman invasion. The arrival of Norman French opened the floodgates for more linguistic mixing and orthographic variability. (David Wolman, Righting the Mother Tongue: From Olde English to Email, the Tangled Story of English Spelling. Harper, 2010) Spellings and Respellings in Early Modern English The high status accorded to the classical  tongues in the Early Modern period meant that Latin and Greek words were adopted with their spellings intact- so we find Greek phi spelled with a ph rather than an f in philosophy and physics.  A reverence for Latinate spellings  prompted the respelling of a number of words previously borrowed into English directly from French, whose origins lay in Latin. A silent b was added to debt and doubt to align them with the Latin debitum and dubitarer; a silent c was inserted into scissors (Latin scissor); l was introduced into salmon (Latin salmo), and a silent p into receipt (Latin receptum). In most cases these silent letters drove spelling and pronunciation further apart, though in some instances, like perfect and adventure (Middle English parfait and aventure), the inserted letter is now sounded. (Simon Horobin,  How English Became English. Oxford University Press, 2016) A Spelling Challenge (Canadian Edition) [I]t remains unlikely that most of us could spell the following sentence correctly on the first attempt, without a computerized word-check, and without reading it over first: We should accommodate the possibility of unparalleled embarrassment occurring in an eccentric physicist who endeavours, though harassed by diarrhoea, to gauge the symmetry of a horse caught gambolling in ecstasy within the precincts of a cemetery wall. (Margaret Visser, The Way We Are. HarperCollins, 1994) Standardization of English Spelling For most of the history of the language, English speakers took a lackadaisical approach to spelling; the notion that a word should always be spelled the same way is a much more recent invention than the language itself. The standardization of English spelling began in the 16th century, and although it is unclear at exactly what point our spelling became set, what is certain is that ever since it happened, people have complained that the rules of spelling, such as they are, just don’t make sense. (Ammon Shea, The Keypad Solution. The New York Times Magazine, Jan. 22, 2010) American Spelling and British Spelling George Bernard Shaw once defined the British and Americans as two peoples separated by a common language. Not just in accent and vocabulary but in spelling, too, this is true. Like the spelling of honor versus honour and defense versus defence, the use of one L versus two in certain positions in words is a sure sign of American English. Classic examples include American traveled, jewelry, counselor, and woolen versus British and Commonwealth travelled, jewellery, counsellor, and woollen. Yet American spelling may sometimes take two Ls, not only in obvious cases like hall but in controlled, impelled, (from control and impel) and elsewhere. Most of our specifically American spelling rules come from Noah Webster, the Connecticut-born educator and lexicographer whose magnum opus was his 1828 American Dictionary of the English Language. (David Sacks, Language Visible. Broadway, 2003) Reading and Spelling There is no necessary link...between reading and spelling: there are many people who have no difficulty in reading, but who have a major persistent handicap in spelling- this may be as many as 2% of the population. There seems moreover to be a neuro-anatomical basis for the distinction, for there are brain-damaged adults who can read but not spell, and vice versa. (David Crystal, How Language Works. Overlook, 2006) Belloc on the Worship of Spelling What fun our posterity will have with our ridiculous worship of spelling! It has not lasted very long. There has not really been such a thing as spelling for much more than two hundred years in English, and there was no religion of it till perhaps a hundred years ago... Our fathers cared so little for the ridiculous things that they did not even spell their own names the same way throughout their lives, and as for common words they seem to have had an instinct which I cannot but applaud for ennobling them with repetitions of letters and flourishes, with the pretty trick of using a y for an i and doubling consonants. In general they were all for festooning and decorating, which is a very honest and noble taste. When they said of a man I esteam hym ne moore than a pygge one knows what they meant and one feels their contempt vibrating. Put into the present stereotyped form it would far less affect, or effect, us. (Hilaire Belloc, On Spelling. New Statesman, June 28, 1930) The Lighter Side of Spelling A very pretty speech- s-p-e-e-c-h, sneered the bee. Now why dont you go away? I was just advising the lad of the importance of proper spelling.BAH! said the bug, putting an arm around Milo. As soon as you learn to spell one word, they ask you to spell another. You can never catch up- so why bother? Take my advice, my boy, and forget about it. As my great-great-great-grandfather George Washington Humbug used to say- You, sir, shouted the bee very excitedly, are an impostor- i-m-p-o-s-t-o-r- who cant even spell his own name.A slavish concern for the composition of words is the sign of a bankrupt intellect, roared the Humbug, waving his cane furiously.(Norton Juster, The Phantom Tollbooth. Random House, 1961)Somebody who’s working for the city should learn how to S-P-E-L-L.A slew of officials have failed to report a humiliating spelling error- SHCOOL X-NG- plastered on Stanton Street outside a Lower East Side high school for months.(Jennifer Bain and Jeane Macintosh, In for a Bad Spell. New York Post, Jan. 24, 2012)

Drilling in the ANWR essays

Drilling in the ANWR essays Drilling for Oil in the Artic National Wildlife Refuge Remaining controversial since its conception, the Artic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) was signed into federal law by President Richard Nixon in 1973(Krasnow). The ANWR is composed of nineteen million acres, including the controversial area of 1.5 million coastal plain (Sub-Driver). This area is home to the Gwichin tribe, Inupiat tribe, polar bears, caribou, Moose, King Salmon, American Bison, Killer Whales, Sea Lions and other wildlife and plants. Supports of drilling in the artic often say the refuge is estimated to contain up to sixteen billion barrels of oil (A.P.N.). While the United States Geological Survey says there are about three billion and would only last the United States six months (A.P.N.). However, The ANWR federal law states that the only way to get authorization to explore for oil and extract it is through Congress. Republicans say Alaskan drilling will create tens of thousands of jobs, and backers say the refuge could produce one million in peak production (Holland). In the United States, we use about nineteen million barrels a day and we import about sixty percent of that (Holland). During his 2000 presidential campaign, George W. Bush announced his support for drilling oil in the ANWR, and now as president, he is trying to get his amendment through Congress. After passing the House of Representatives, attached to a larger energy bill, the amendment has stalled in the Senate. Now the White House is aggressively trying to push the legislation through, and heated rhetoric proliferates. In Steve Hollands article named Bush Says U.S. Needs to Drill for Oil in Alaska, he stated that the republicans are generally on President Bushs side, and the Democrats are environmentally safe minded. The bill for Drilling in Alaska is having a hard time passing through the senate, and the United States people still don...

Tips for Taking Good Notes in Class

Tips for Taking Good Notes in Class There are so many ways to take notes in class today: laptops, tablets, and other devices, recording apps, and the good old-fashioned pen and notebook. Which one should you use? Does it matter? Of course, the answer is personal. What works for one person wont work for another. But there are some compelling arguments for writing notes longhand, with a pen or pencil, including research by scientists Pam Mueller and Daniel Oppenheimer, who found that students who wrote notes by hand had a better conceptual grasp of the material taught. They understood more, had better recall, and tested better. Thats pretty hard to argue with. Two articles by leading organizations discuss the matter: Harvard Business Review: What You Miss When You Take Notes on Your LaptopScientific American: A Learning Secret: Don’t Take Notes with a Laptop Why? Partly because they listened better and were more engaged in the learning rather than trying to type word-for-word everything the teacher said. Clearly, we can type faster than we can write, unless you know the ancient art of shorthand. If you choose to use a laptop for your note taking, keep this study in mind and dont try to record every single thing said. Listen. Think. And type only the notes you would have written by hand. There are other things to keep in mind: Does your teacher allow laptops in the classroom for note taking?Is your laptop easy to carry and set up?Do you need to plug it in?Are there electrical outlets available in your classroom?Does your software load quickly?Do you have good habits for organizing your documents?Can you pay attention in class with your laptop open? If you can say yes to all or most of those questions, then taking notes on a laptop may be good time management for you. Benefits If you know you can type much faster than you can write, the benefits of using a laptop for notes may include: Paying better attention because you can type without looking at your handsEven when you make typing mistakes, your notes will still be legibleIts easy to organize your notes into folders.Once edited, you can copy notes and paste them into documents Drawbacks But there are drawbacks to using a laptop for note-taking: Make sure youre not trying to type a lecture word for word just because youre fast.There are some notes that cant be typed unless youre a wiz with software. Have paper and pen or pencil next to your laptop for anything you cant type, like a quick drawing of something.If you have to rush between classes, closing down and starting up a laptop takes time. Be careful not to be rude in the classroom by rummaging with your things when your teacher is speaking.Laptops can be expensive and fragile. If youre toting yours daily, make sure you have a sturdy one and that youre careful with it.Laptops can be stolen. If you lose it, youre in trouble.Laptops are also vulnerable to viruses and other maladies. You want to be sure youve got adequate protection and back up your data regularly so you dont lose it all the night before your assignment is due. More Tips Study skills and time management can be greatly improved by using a laptop with good sense. Heres a bit more advice: Whether or not you have access to the Internet in class, try to resist logging on. The temptation can be great to peek at social media, answer email, or anything else you do online. These are obvious distractions you dont need.Try to type big ideas, not every idea.Remember to look up and stay engaged with your teacher.

Business Decision Making (Team Work) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Business Decision Making (Team Work) - Essay Example Essentially, activities considered in team building include goal setting, development of interpersonal relations among the team members, role analysis to clarify each member’s roles and responsibilities (Robbins, 1993). In spite of the fact that members of a virtual team do not work in a face to face contact, it can be noted that team goals should be clearly defined so that each person is aware of the tasks he or she is expected to perform. There are several advantages that can be derived from teamwork when managing a project. The efforts of the team members are synergised so that they are directed towards the attainment of the desired goals and objectives. The combined effort of team members is likely to produce positive results compared to individual effort. Basically, team building attempts to use high interaction among group members in order to increase trust and openness (Robbins, 1993). This entails that communication is mainly used in the team building process. However, communication across cultures can be challenging in a virtual team. In a virtual team, effort should be made to ensure that people from different backgrounds share a common understanding towards something. Korac-Kakabadse, Kouzmin, Korac-Kakabadse, & Savery (2001, p.5) posit to the effect that the â€Å"major reasons for difficulties encountered in cross-cultural communication stem from the fact that actors from different cultures have different understandings regarding the interaction process and different styles of dialogue.† In a virtual team, efforts should be made to ensure that people from different cultures should interact by way of communication where they are in a position to share the established pattern of behaviour as well as meaning of the organizational context. Lin & Miller (2003) also suggest that when people conduct business across borders, they bring to the negotiation

Weiyi Zhang a Misshaped Block Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Weiyi Zhang a Misshaped Block - Article Example Trade occupation nominees must then be reflective of the labor needs in a long-term assessment of the market needs for GSM applicants. The current MODL will be canceled and reinstated with newer specifically skills-focused requirements as stipulated in the list. This exempts those who are skilled graduates under subclass 485 or with pending GSM visa applications. The new Skilled Occupation List (SOL) also spares those who at February 8 are diploma holders with the visa of Vocational Education and Training under subclass 572, Higher Education under subclass 573 and Postgraduate Research under subclass 574. But students s with visa will need to have already acquired an occupation to be qualified for a permanent visa under the GSM program. â€Å"I was hoping to be a journalist,† Zhang says. He will be gravely affected by these changes. Scheduled to graduate in July with a degree in accounting, this new development means that he gave up his dream for nothing. What is most likely to happen is that Zhang will go back to his country with nothing. No permanent Australian resident visa and a diploma for a course that was not exactly his immediate choosing. His hopes and dreams of a better future diminished after years of grueling academic pressures. Giving up his dream of a media-related career for nothing. The education industry of the country holds the third biggest foreign exchange source. These alterations to migration guidelines are seen as causing a major impact in the education sector. These students spent thousands for an Australian education in their belief of securing permanent residency status in a stable and progressive country. Not to mention the years that they have dedicated to finish their tertiary education. Living in a foreign land is not easy, even more so if you have to study in it.

Metamorphosis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Metamorphosis - Essay Example The value of family, money and changes are included in the important lessons presented in Kafka’s story. The metamorphosis experienced by the man character can be considered as a representation of the challenges present in life that people have no control of. In terms of the financial aspect of the story, despite the dependence of a family to the breadwinner, things may change as the former harmonious relationship may become conflicting as represented by the primary character. The author also showed how people usually look at the appearance instead the attitude and inner character of a person before judging him or her. Also the limits of human beings for understanding were shown in the novel as the reader can feel how sympathy may be lost. Even though a family is expected to be close enough, it may occur and ruin the relationship. In terms of the mood of the story, it does not tackle the usual flow of the story as it distorted the common view or expected flow. The readers may have the expectation that it would be a light novel, but it was filled with problems and negativities. The novel is really good in capturing the attention and curiosity of the readers as it twisted the story into something that is not expected while sharing insights and lessons in life that may seem valuable and

Zero Tolerance Policy in the K-12 United States Education System Research Paper

Zero Tolerance Policy in the K-12 United States Education System - Research Paper Example This research will begin with the statement that the Gun Free Schools Act (GFSA) enacted in 1994, inter alia, empowers the educational institutions â€Å"to expel from school for a period of not less than one year a student who is determined to have brought a weapon to a school†.   In view of the changing environment in the social spectrum and the unprecedented technological developments not even predicted by sociologist and futurist, Alvin Toffler in his Future Shock, it is attempted to seek an answer to the question: Is there is a need to revisit such provisions of this act and the other related acts such as Goals 2000: Educate America Act on account of the inhibiting factors and ominous consequences to the students and their families involved in enforcement of these laws in relation to zero tolerance policy.   At the instance of Pennsylvania Parent Teachers Association (PTA), a proposal in relation to zero tolerance policy is being submitted to the Senator Arlen Specter .   We expect that his compassion for the students makes him as an advocate in addressing the needs of students.   His clout as a senior Senator with wide experience and respectability would be helpful in carrying out the necessary amendments to the act(s). This paper has been prepared after careful study and analysis of the various alternatives, factors involved and the existing policy environment with the recommendations in this respect.

The speed-up in the growth rate of the U.S. economy since 1995 Essay

The speed-up in the growth rate of the U.S. economy since 1995 - Essay Example This is opposed to a hard landing, which involves the slowing down of the economy without also causing a recession. Soft landings give economies the chance to improve themselves. It allows for moderate growth, but for low inflation. Hand-in-hand with the soft landing, the growth rate of the United States sped up due to business inventories rising relatively compared to sales. As well as the former, the costs of exporting goods and supplies to other countries have dropped considerably. In 1995, the Federal Reserve was not as active as it had been in previous years. At the beginning of 1995, it did raise interest rates, which pushed up the federal funds by half of a percentage, moving the rates to six percent. The interest rates dropped remarkably. The cut of the federal rates allowed them to decline, though they also leveled-off, rose a bit, but then declined once again. â€Å"Growth is no longer concentrated in consumption.† (Taylor) Investment in equipment grew, assisted by the expensing provisions of legislation, while orders and shipments data are signaling further gains. Interest rates have been the lowest since the 1960s, sparking a record pace of new home sales and allowing automakers to boost sales by offering generous financing and discounts. The productivity growth for 1995 was well ahead of the average it held between 1973 and 1995. A strong platform for expansion was set up by flexible labor, low inflation, goods and capitol markets, and the growth in productivity. The goal in this, to keep the growth rate increasing, involves adopting the right economic policies (Taylor). There are certain methods to be taken in to account when it comes to controlling something as growth rates of an economy, any economy. The amount of tax cuts and the decrease of unemployment has aided the growth rate of the United States economy. Prior to 1995, rates were unstable -

Newdow case Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Newdow case - Essay Example Since conservatives are likely to support the religious aspect then they are more likely to oppose changes on the pledge. The conservatives would prefer the oath to have some religious significance other than being a meaningless political or social statement. Most religious people, who are often considered to be conservative, were opposed to Newdow opinion since they felt that it was morally repugnant. A true conservative would be opposed to any move to fully separate the state and religion as the Newdow case required. For a conservative, inclusion of religious value in school aspects helps in shaping them morally. For them the phrase in the pledge is a mere acknowledgement of a religious nation and does not affect anyone’s beliefs. Furthermore, conservative would argue that no one is usually forced to recite the contentious phrases. Additionally, conservatives fell that it is part of their responsibility to share their belief with others. Conservatism is all about practicing morality in addition to maintaining the existing norms. It entails supporting that which affects the majority and in the case of Newdow, the majority was those opposed to removal of the phrase. Conservatives would thus oppose any moves to remove the contentious phrase (Williams

The speed-up in the growth rate of the U.S. economy since 1995 Essay

The speed-up in the growth rate of the U.S. economy since 1995 - Essay Example This is opposed to a hard landing, which involves the slowing down of the economy without also causing a recession. Soft landings give economies the chance to improve themselves. It allows for moderate growth, but for low inflation. Hand-in-hand with the soft landing, the growth rate of the United States sped up due to business inventories rising relatively compared to sales. As well as the former, the costs of exporting goods and supplies to other countries have dropped considerably. In 1995, the Federal Reserve was not as active as it had been in previous years. At the beginning of 1995, it did raise interest rates, which pushed up the federal funds by half of a percentage, moving the rates to six percent. The interest rates dropped remarkably. The cut of the federal rates allowed them to decline, though they also leveled-off, rose a bit, but then declined once again. â€Å"Growth is no longer concentrated in consumption.† (Taylor) Investment in equipment grew, assisted by the expensing provisions of legislation, while orders and shipments data are signaling further gains. Interest rates have been the lowest since the 1960s, sparking a record pace of new home sales and allowing automakers to boost sales by offering generous financing and discounts. The productivity growth for 1995 was well ahead of the average it held between 1973 and 1995. A strong platform for expansion was set up by flexible labor, low inflation, goods and capitol markets, and the growth in productivity. The goal in this, to keep the growth rate increasing, involves adopting the right economic policies (Taylor). There are certain methods to be taken in to account when it comes to controlling something as growth rates of an economy, any economy. The amount of tax cuts and the decrease of unemployment has aided the growth rate of the United States economy. Prior to 1995, rates were unstable -

Textual analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Textual analysis - Essay Example In identifying this problem one of the salient features that immediately must be considered is a condition that Lukacs refers to as reification. An elucidation of reification will reveal how the commodities structure penetrates and transforms all aspects of bourgeois society and indeed transforms thought within capitalist society. This transformation irrevocably limits the ability for philosophical inquiry and critical theory to function separately from societal forces and for Lukacs the inquiry itself "springs" directly from this now reified structure. The problem of commodities is one that was comprehensively outlined by Marx and is a fundamental theme in much of the subsequent Marxian analytical tradition. As products are bought and sold in the marketplace, they become commodities. These commodities are alienated from the laborer that was initially responsible for the creation of the product. Individuals who purchase or exchange these commodities are not directly aware of the laborer who produced this commodity, but instead place a value on the existence of the commodity so that it can be exchanged in the market without having to come into contact with the laborer. As a result this so-called exchange-value of a commodity commodifies the labor itself. The structure of commodification whether it applies to the product o... The problem with this structure is that necessarily conceals what it is supposed to reference, and hence is inherently duplicitous (Lukacs 83). This duplicity has economic consequences for the proletariat that Marx explicates elsewhere. For Lukacs, this structure serves as a "base" and a point of departure for the typical economic concerns that Vulgar Marxists are keen on parsing out. (84) Commodity fetishism, the term Marx uses for this obscuring of social relations has both a specific local context and as a more general application for Lukacs. The specific context deals with the commodity within the framework of the marketplace, and deals with the exploitation and alienation of the laborer. The general application asks the question, "how far is commodity exchange together with its structural consequences able to influence the total inner and outer life of society" (Lukacs 84). The answer as it turns out will be completely and totally. Yet, he is careful here, and in following Marx, recognizes that commodity-exchange is an "episodic" feature present in the history of mankind (Lukacs 85). That is, as the objective forms of bourgeois society are periodically instantiated, the role of commodities can operate as a non-dominant form of "metabolic" exchange. Its transformation or reification into the principle organizing structure of a thoroughly capitalist society is attr ibuted to the subjectivization of the commodities-structure where "man's activity becomes estranged from himself," and is possible when the marketplace is fully commodified (Lukacs 87). Though as Lukacs stresses, this reification manifests itself qualitatively

Psychosocial Factor Depression Copd Health And Social Care Essay

Psychosocial Factor Depression Copd Health And Social Care Essay This supporting paper supports the presentation on the link between Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and the psychosocial factor depression. The supportive paper will explore, define and conclude areas of which may influence the health and well-being of patients with COPD and the psychosocial depression factor. The discussion of depression tools, guidelines, statistics and the long term use of oxygen therapy and care pathways will also be explored in this supporting paper (Cornforth, 2012 and NICE, 2009c). The supporting paper will explore COPD and depression as a separate condition and then link the impact of health and well-being. COPD is a collective term used for emphysema and bronchitis and is primarily smoking related as a consequence this leads to progressive airflow obstruction (Booker, 2003). The symptoms of COPD patients include a debilitating cough, dyspnea, excess sputum, chest tightness, fatigue and frequent chest infections. COPDs insidiously developing character means that patients often do not present these symptoms until consequential irreversible damage has happened (Britton, 2002). According to Vermiere (2002) when diagnosis is finally made healthcare professionals may chastise COPD patients for smoking, and causing a self inflicted disease. In turn not much constructive advice maybe given to help COPD patients to manage their condition and medication may not be prescribed in the mistaken belief that medication would not be beneficially (Vermiere, 2002). Healthcare p rofessionals may also unjustly chastise COPD patients, as COPD can also be caused by long term inhalation of asbestos, coal dust and pollution. The lack advice and medication given to patients with COPD may have enormous impact on a patients health and well being (Lee, 2008). According to the Department of Health the condition COPD causes nearly 25,000 deaths per year in England and Wales, and in the years 2007 until 2009 4.8% of deaths were caused by COPD being the fifth greatest killer in the United Kingdom (DH, 2011). Depression is the word used to refer to a variety of mood disorders, a collection of clinical conditions that differentiates the sense of loss and control and a subjective experience of momentous distress (Lazarou et al, 2011). Depression is a wide and heterogeneous diagnosis and can be presented in a variety of different ways. The psychological symptoms may include a continual low mood, feeling hopeless, feeling tearful, feeling irritable and anxious, having low self esteem, no motivation, self harm and suicidal thoughts and having no enjoyment out of life. The physical symptoms may include speaking or moving slowly, weight loss or gain, lack of energy, lack of interest in sexually activities, disturbed sleep and unexplained aches and pains. The social symptoms include decreased job related activities, social withdrawal from family and friends and neglecting hobbies and interest (NICE, 2009a and Elsherif and Noble, 2011). According to the National Institute for Health and Clinical E xcellence (2009b) the depression disorder is generally known as a psychological response in patients with COPD and it can be found in 20% of COPD patients. Healthcare professionals have a duty of care, therefore the recognition of depression in COPD is paramount (NICE, 2009a). Such tools have been developed to aid practitioners to diagnosis depression, for example the Health nine-item Questionnaire (PHQ9) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), these tools are used so that the patient can be considered to see if they require drug or psychological support (Cornforth, 2012). The use of the diagnosis tools in COPD patients reduces the potential risk of an acute exacerbation. According to Jennings et al (2009) patients with COPD who suffer from depression are at a higher risk of an acute exacerbation in turn this may lead to an admission to hospital. COPD and depression may also be linked with the continual occurrences of admissions, and the extended stay in hospital (Yohanne, 2010). Furthermore depression along with COPD may reduce the desire to recover and comply with medication and medical treatment, in turn this could lead to a delay in the patients discharge from hospital (DiMatteo et al, 2004).The Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) guidelines (World Health Organization, 2008a) and NICE guidelines (2009a) have highlighted the need for psychosocial factors such as depression to be diagnosis in COPD patients. The NICE care pathways are also available to help health care professionals identify, treat and manage depression in COPD patients (NICE, 2009c). The Department of Health defines health as A state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity (Department of Health 2010, P.7). The presence of COPD and the psychosocial depression factor is the major cause of morbidity, disability and mortality and this can have a physical, mental and social impact on patients lives (NICE, 2009b). Factors that may contribute to depression in COPD patients are weight loss, sleep deprivation and fitness levels. Weight loss is associated with COPD in particular the loss of fat as the disease progresses furthermore many patients lose weight as a consequence of decreased food intake as a result of dyspnea (Kelly 2007). In addition poor quality of sleep is frequent in COPD patients for numerous reasons. Firstly, coughing and excessive mucus may interrupt the onset of sleep, particularly since these symptoms may be worsened in the supine position. Breathlessness may also be worsened by the position and COPD patients may have numerous incidents of nocturnal dyspnea, which causes recurring awakenings (George and Bayliff, 2003). Finally COPD patients may avoid physical exercise or exc essive hard work due to the unpleasant symptoms of breathlessness, as a result the patients fitness levels may reduce and this may lead to muscle weakness which increases disability, dyspnea, loss of confidence and social isolation (Booker, 2005). According to Yohanne (2010) the chronic character of COPD and its related stigma can also lead to social isolation. COPD patients with chronic hypoxaemia rely on long term oxygen therapy (LTOT) to increase their survival rate. However the psychological effects it has on patients daily living are somewhat restricted in their capability to participate in indoor and outdoor activities, resulting in the patient suffering from depressive symptoms. Patients with chronic hypoxaemia who rely on LTOT for survival suffer from a diminishing quality of life and are susceptible to emotional lability, loneliness and social isolation in turn this may lead to clinical depression (Yohannes, 2010). The Department of Health defines wellbeing as A positive state of mind and body, feeling safe and able to cope, with a sense of connection with people, communities and the wider environment (Department of Health 2010, P.7) COPD and the psychosocial factor depression can not only affect every aspect of a sufferers life but it can have enormous impact on the sufferers family lives. The ability to cope with the loss of an active role in their family and society and the loss of intimacy and functional impairment is considered a burden to a patients state of mind (Gray et al, 2009).The British Lung Foundation (2005) carried out a survey regarding COPD patients daily activities, and the findings were 90% of patients with severe COPD were unable to do their gardening, 66% were unable to go on holiday and 33% had disabling breathlessness all factors that increase depressive symptoms. Patients with COPD who suffer from a disability can eventually become reliant on others to carry out every aspect of daily living this may include personal hygiene and grooming, functional transfers, eating and drinking, medicine management, bowel and bladder management and managing money as a result this can have a enormous impac t on a patients mental well being in turn this may result in clinical depression (Mooney and OBrien 2006 and Gray et al 2009). A patients state of mind and the ability to cope with COPD may cause the patient to experience negative thoughts and feelings such as feeling guilty, loss of independence, low self esteem and a sense of worthlessness they frequently criticise themselves for lacking in confidence, feeling irritable, impatient and frustrated all the factors may contribute to clinical depression. In some circumstances patients with depression and COPD may cause injury to themselves, experience suicidal thoughts and in extreme circumstances may attempt suicide (NICE 2009a and Gray et al 2009). This supporting paper has supported the presentation on the link between COPD and the psychosocial depression factor. The supportive paper has explored, defined and concluded areas of which influence the health and well-being of patients with COPD and the psychosocial depression factor. To conclude the main focal points, COPD is the fifth greatest killer in the United Kingdom and as a mortality rate of 25,000 per year (DH, 2011). Twenty percent of patients with COPD suffer from depression with extreme symptoms of self harm and suicide (NICE 2009a, NICE 2009b and Gray et al 2009). The symptoms of both COPD and depression have been emphasised to highlight the need for diagnosis tools, guidelines and care pathways. The main importance of this paper is the physical, mental, social, state of mind and ability to cope with COPD and depression and the impact it has on the patients lives (Cornforth 2012 and NICE 2009c). Word count 1374 References/References in text and headings and quotes 699 Total word count 2073

What is Intelligence? Essay -- Biology Essays Research Papers

What is Intelligence? Intelligence can be defined in many different ways since there are a variety of individual differences. Intelligence to me is the ability to reason and respond quickly yet accurately in all aspects of life, such as physically, emotionally, and mentally. Anyone can define intelligence because it is an open-ended word that has much room for interpretation. Thus my paper is an attempt to find the meaning of human intelligence. There are a couple of scientists who have tried to come up with theories of what makes a human being intelligent. Jean Piaget, a Swiss child psychologist, is well known for his four stages of mental growth theory (1). In the sensorimotor stage, from birth to age 2, the child is concerned with gaining motor control and getting familiar with physical objects. Then from age 2 to 7, the child develops verbal skills, which is called the preoperational stage. In the concrete operational stage the child deals with abstract thinking from age 7 to 12. The final stage called the formal operational stage ends at age 15 and this is when the child learns to reason logically and systematically. (1) Piaget's theory provides a basis for human intelligence by categorizing the major stages in child development and how they contribute to intelligence. Each of these invariant stages has major cognitive skills that must be learned. Knowledge is not merely transmitted verbally but must be constructed and reconstructed by the learner (3). Thus this development involves a few basic steps. The first fundamental process of intellectual growth is the ability to assimilate the new events learned into the preexisting cognitive structures. The second fundamental process is the capability to change those ... ...ists approach in defining human intelligence. I believe that intelligence is the ability to utilize our entire brain, which will most definitely include Gardner's theory but more. Since we only use a small percentage of our brain, I imagine our brains have a lot more forms of intelligence than the ones Gardner proposes as well as more stages of child development than the ones Piaget proposes. As I mentioned before, intelligence is an open-ended word that may never have an agreed upon definition, but we all have our own definition. References: 1)Jean Piaget, Swiss Child Psychologist http://www.indiana.edu/%7Eintell/piaget.shtml 2)The Seven Human Intelligences http://www.homeschoolzone.com/hsz/leppert2.htm 3)Jean Piaget: Intellectual Development http://www.sk.com.br/sk-piage.html 4)Seven Intelligences http://www.ibiblio.org/edweb/edref.mi.th4.html

Abortion - Can You Hear the Babies Screaming? :: abortion argumentative persuasive argument

Abortion - Can You Hear the Babies Screaming?      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   On January   22, 1973,   the United States Supreme Court legalized abortion. When the it ruled that abortion was legal, the court not only gave women the right to choose but also gave the unborn   babies   a right to die. Since that day, millions upon millions of unborn children have been ripped apart, burned with saline solutions, and sucked from their mothers' wombs. With every abortion that occurs another inaudible scream from the unborn child   is silenced and the rights of that child   are   taken away .      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   If someone where to be asked if murder was wrong, the general answer would be yes. When that same person is asked if abortion is murder,   the answer may be yes, but most likely   the answer is no. Why do most people think that murder is wrong, but do not agree that abortion is murder?   The reason for this contradiction is that   most people believe that the unborn infant is not a human, but an organ or part of the woman's body, which would make the act of aborting the child just the same as removing an appendix. This problem of when life begins stems from the inconsistencies which come from the case of Roe v. Wade. The Supreme Court interrupted   that by the ninth   and fourteenth amendments that a woman has the right to an abortion. The court that day, however, did not rule when a life begins for a human.   If society is to assume that a fetus is a human the second it   leaves the uterus, then what is the unborn baby three minutes from birth , a monkey. When an unborn baby is aborted, society must realize that an organ was not taken out, but a living human being.   This would make abortion wrong because according to law, no one has the right to take away anther's life.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   With many   people considering   the cases of unwanted pregnancy due to rape or incest to be acceptable, they must   realize that the child is not the crime.   Society's reason behind this is, why should the woman suffer from the pain and remembrance that the pregnancy brings.   Even though cases of abortion

Teacher & knowledge

Since the beginning of our lives, we start to learn and improve our skills and knowledge day by day from everything around us. However, to reach our goal in the future, we need instructors who can guide us through our lives. And those instructors are teachers. Actually, teaching is a very good job and is very important for everybody and also for our country. Teachers are very precious. First, teachers always teach what is good for us and show us the right path to walk. They are wise and respectable.They have such a good manner. They always stay by our side. For instance, when we get good result from our studies, they will be happy and proud of us just like what they feel for their own children. When we get bad result, they feel upset, but instead of blaming us, they try to encourage and cheer us up. All they want back from us is nothing, but for us to be successful in the future. Second, teachers don't think much about money. They don't earn much money but they earn good relationship and respect from the others.That's the most important part of being a human and also the most special part of this job. With us, as students, they are just like our parents because they care about us and want us to be good and useful people in the society. But sometimes they may also be our brothers, sisters or even friends. It's just like we are members of one big family. We share our happiness and sadness with them and help each other out. Although sometimes they feel exhausted, they don't even mention about their difficulties to us.They always work with happy hearts. Third, teachers are the source of the country's development. In other words, we can say that without teachers, there're no schools. Without schools, there're no students. Without students, there's no human resource, so development is impossible. As we all know, teachers play an important role in our education system. They are very important for us and our new generation. One thing we should know is that the world we know today may not exist without them.

Delhi Police Achievement

DATED 09/01/2013 PRESS RELEASE  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   CENTRAL DISTRICT GANG OF INTERSTATE CHEATS INVOLVED IN INTERNET BANKING FRAUD BUSTED : FOUR ARRESTED With the arrest of (1) Ajay Kumar Mishra, aged about 45 years s/o Parmeshwar Mishra r/o WZ-823, Palam, Village, Delhi, permanent address Add:- VPO& PS- Jainagar, Madhubani (Bihar), (2) Binay Kumar, aged about 35 years s/o Harish Chand r/o A-166, Devali road, Khanpur, Delhi,  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   permanent address VPO- Kaitpwar, PS –Sakatpur, Darbhanga (Bihar), (3) Ravi Shankar Pandey, aged about 45 years r/o A-63, near Rama Public School, New Gopal Nagar Extn.Najafgarh, Delhi and (4) Jitender Kumar, aged about 40 years s/o S. R. Suman r/o 38/11, A Block, Amrit Vihar, Burari, Delhi, Central Distric t has busted a cheating racket which had cheated several businessmen by cracking the passwords of their bank Accounts and subsequently transferring huge amounts through internet transactions and RTGS transfer in various Accounts and by subsequently withdrawing the amount from these accounts located in different parts of the country. INCIDENT On 03-01-13, one Sh.Ravi Gupta, owner of a Metal Firm having his office in the area of P. S. Pahar Ganj gave a complaint that Rs. fifteen lakhs have been transferred from his Account illegally through Electronic Transferring System. On this, a case vide FIR No. 02/13 u/s 420 IPC was registered at P. S. Pahar Ganj and the investigation was taken up. TEAM A team comprising of Inspr. Suresh Kaushik, SHO/Pahar Ganj, SI Vinay Kumar, SI Dharmender Kumar, HC Satpal and Ct. Chand Ram was constituted under the supervision of Sh.Anil Kapoor, ACP/Pahar Ganj   /Central Districts to apprehend the culprits. INVESTIGATION During the course of investigation, it was revealed that the money had been transferred from the account of the complainant to different Accounts of Delhi, Lucknow and Agra. It was further revealed that Rs. seven lakhs had already been withdrawn from ICICI Bank Green Park Branch where a total of Rs. ten lakhs were transferred. Sources were deployed to apprehend the accused persons as   it was suspected that they would approach the bank to withdraw the remaining amount.On 04-01-2013, on the basis of secret information, accused Jitender Kumar and Binay Kumar Mishra were apprehended by the police team from ICICI Bank Green Park Branch, Delhi when they were trying to withdraw the remaining amount cheated from the account of accused Jitender Kumar. During the interrogation, it was revealed that the accused are the members of an interstate gang, who were operating in Delhi. The accused persons used to take instructions from their accomplices namely Ajay Mishra and Ravi Shanker Pandey.It was further revealed that accused J itender Kumar and Binay Kumar Mishra were assigned the task to arrange for operational Accounts of different persons in different Banks all over India from where money could be transferred and the same could be withdrawn immediately even before the victim came to know about the illegal transaction from his Account. At the instance of accused Jitender Kumar and Binay Kumar Mishra, accused Ajay Kumar and Ravi Shanker Pandey were apprehended by the police team from Dwarka and Najafgarh respectively. Ajay Kumar and Ravi Shanker Pandey are the operational members of the gang.At the instance of accused Jitender Kumar and Binay Kumar Mishra, Rs. 30,000/- cash has been recovered and the Bank Account where cheated money more than Rs. four lakhs had been deposited has been frozen. Further investigation / interrogation is in progress. MODUS OPERANDI The members of the gang have thorough knowledge and understanding of Internet Banking. They used to hack the computers of different companies havi ng their current Accounts in Multi National Banks. Once they used to get the user name and password of Account through hacking, they used to track the major transaction of the victim.As soon as the accused persons used to have a substantial amount in that Account, they used to approach the service provider of the Mobile Company of the victim to get a duplicate SIM so that the victim may not get the ALERTS from the Banks of those particular transactions. The members of the gang then used the user name and password of the Account to get the money transferred to a particular Account and thereafter other members of the gang used to start working and withdrew the money through cheque, through ATM or would transfer the money in different Account in different parts of the country.The accused persons used to siphon off money only from the Accounts in Multi National Banks as the transfer and withdrawal was comparatively fast in these Banks. RECOVERIES †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã ‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Rs. 30,000/- Cash and Rs. Four lakhs has been frozen in the Bank Accounts. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Mobile phones used in the operation. PROFILE 1. Ajay Kumar Mishra s/o Parmeshwar Mishra r/o WZ-823, Palam, Village, Delhi, Prem Add:- VPO& PS- Jainagar, Madhubani, Bihar is 45 years old and has studied up to B. Sc. (Pass) from LLMU, Darbhanga, Bihar.He came to Delhi in the year 1993 and joined a private company as an Accountant but claimed himself to be a CA. At present, he runs an office at Sector 6, Dwarka, Delhi providing Accounts Services and import / export consultancy. 2. Binay Kumar s/o Harish Chand r/o A-166, Devali road, Khanpur, Delhi, permanent address VPO- Kaitpwar, PS –Sakatpur, Darbhanga (Bihar) is 35 years old and has studied up to   B. A. and had worked as Account Assistant in different private companies. At present, he runs a Security Agency and HR Consultancy from his residence. 3.Ravi Shankar Pandey r/o A-63, near Rama Public School, New Gopal Nagar Extn. Najafgarh, Delhi is 45 years old and has studied up to class 10th. He is in the business of printing. 4. Jitender Kumar s/o S. R. Suman r/o 38/11, A Block, Amrit Vihar, Burari, Delhi is 40 years and has studied up to B. A. He works as Accounts Assistant in various companies. (DEVESH CHANDRA SRIVASTVA), IPS ADDL. COMMISSIONER OF POLICE, CENTRAL DISTRICT, DELHI. [pic]PRESS RELEASE | | | |[pic] | [pic][pic] |SOUTH WEST DISTT. | | |   | Dated: 09/01/2013 BLIND GRUESOME MURDER CASE WORKED OUT IN NO TIME. TWO ARRESTED. MOBILE PHONE OF DECEASED, WEAPON OF OFFENCE I. E KNIFE & MOTORCYCLE USED IN COMMISSION OF CRIME RECOVERED | | | |Highlights:- | | |†¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Gruesome blind murder case of a Delhi Jal Board driver solved. | | |†¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Deceased developed obsession towards accused’s young daughter, which led to his murder . | |†¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Two persons arrested | | |†¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Weapon of offence i. e. knife recovered. | | |†¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Mobile phone, shoes of the deceased and three broken sim cards have been recovered. | | |†¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Motorcycle used in commission of crime has also been recovered. | | |   | | | | | |   |With the arrest of two accused persons viz (1) Lady and (2)Rakesh (aged-24yrs) `s/o Nathhu Lal r/o Village Khajuri, Delhi, PS Bindapur, South-West District Police has worked out a case of brutal murder, which occurred on the evening of 06/01/2013 in the area of Mohan Garden, Uttam Nagar. Weapon of offence i. e. knife, mobile phone and shoes of the deceased, and motorcycle used in commission of crime have been recovered. GIST OF CASE On 06/01/13 a PCR call was received vide DD No. 60B at 10. 34 PM at PS Bindapur regarding an unclaimed suitcase lying in D- Block, Phase-I, J J Colony, Dwarka Sec- 3. I. O.S I Ashok Kumar along with staff reached at the spot where foul smell was emanating from the Suitcase which was wrapped in a quilt. Finding the matter suspicious SHO/Bindapur and crime team were called at the spot and opened the suitcase in which a male dead body aged about 30-35 years was found bundled. On inspection throat was found slit with a sharp edge weapon and a polythene was found tied around the neck. The corpse was shown to the number of passerby and neighbourers but despite best efforts the identity of the dead body couldn’t be established. Bereft of any alternative a case of murder vide FIR No. 0/13 u/s 302/201 IPC PS Bindapur was registered on DD No. 60B and investigation was taken up in right earnest. BREAKTHROUGH At the outset, to establish the identity of the deceased was the challenge before the police. Message in the context of details and descriptions of unknown dead body was flashed. Crack teams were formed and were dispatched to the adjacent Police Station s. During this exercise, a team led by SI Ashok came to know that a person is missing from the area of Mohan Garden, Uttam Nagar. The information was further developed and photograph of the deceased was shown to the family members i. . elder brother of deceased. Finally the hard work bore fruits and the identity of the deceased was established as Inder s/o Rajvir Singh r/o L- 2/C- 49, Mohan Garden, Uttam Nagar. After establishing the identity of the deceased, Police launched a massive manhunt to trace the culprits. Local enquiries were made by the Police to extract clues about the last seen of the deceased. Sensing the gravity of the case a special team comprising Inspr. Rajvir Singh Lamba SHO/Bindapur, Inspr. Subhash Chand Inspr. /Investigation Bindapur, SI Ashok Kumar, H. Ct. Rohtash, Ct. Dinesh under the supervision of Sh.M. S Dabas, ACP/Dabri was constituted. The team had   a detailed investigation plan and started to pursue the available leads. The team did survey the areas a djoining the scence of crime at about the same time the following night to simulate and recreate the incident. During this exercise, the police team managed to unearth some vital clues. It was transpired that the deceased had illicit relation with one lady. The team got retrieved and analysed the CDR of the deceased and suspect lady. The analyses depicted that the deceased and lady had frequents talks on the mobile.Accordingly, the lady was interrogated by two different teams at length, who was resiling from her version each time, who also deposed that she had cordial relation with the deceased and is no more concerned with the death of Inder,   however the same version was contradicted by the various circumstances collected by the police. It turned out that deceased had frequent visits in her house, which resulted in developing relations with her. Of late, the deceased also started having an evil eye on her young daughter, which was the bone of contention. The deceased was warned by the lady and even a quarrel ensued between the duo.Police did lot of ground work in this context. As the probe intensified and the matter was minutely and deeply focused, prima-facie it appeared that the lady (friend of deceased) is dodging Police and was actively involved in the murder of Inder. Reversing back step by step it transpired that on the evening of 06/01/13, Inder was in the house of the lady. Above circumstantial evidences pointed the needle of suspicion towards her and her two associates. Her contradictory statements were exposed and finally she broke down. She confessed to have murdered her friend and packed his body in a suitcase which was dumped in he area of J J Colony, Phase- I, Dwarka, Sec-3. INTERROGATION & CONFESSION Accused lady was subjected to sustained interrogation, who revealed that Inder(deceased) was her friend. He had frequent visits in her house. Of late, he became obsessed with her daughter   for which Inder   was warned but he did not mend h is way. All means/sources were exhausted by her to save the dignity of her daughter but the deceased did not mend his ways, thus she decided to eliminate him. She took the help of her brother Rakesh Kumar and his associate (friend of Rakesh). As per plan, Inder was called at her house.Tea was offered, which was laced with sleeping pills. When Inder became stupor, she brought knife from kitchen and gave to Rakesh. She caught hold of hands of Inder andhis associate sat on the legs of Inder. Rakesh slit the throat with the knife. After confirming the death of Inder, they bundled the body and wrapped it   in a gunny bag, Thereafter it was stuffed in a suitcase. The suitcase was further wrapped in a quilt and same was dumped in the area of J J Colony, Phase- I, Dwarka Sec- 3. Accused lady was produced before the concerned court and her one day PC remand was taken.On her pointing out, accused namely Rakesh has been apprehended. Material evidences i. e. shoes of deceased, mobile phone of deceased and three broken sim cards of deceased, motorcycle used in commission of crime, weapon of offence i. e. knife have also been recovered at the instance of duo. NAME AND PROFILE OF ACCUSED PERSONS ACCUSED NO. 1   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     lady Accused is an illiterate and a house wife. She has three children. Her husband is a causal painter. Deceased helped the accused financially on several occasions. Deceased got the advantage of the same and developed physical relation with the accused.To this extend accused tolerated everything but could not digest the matter when deceased showed interest towards her young daughter. First she warned the deceased when he did not mend his way. He was murdered as per plan. Further startling facts emerged that accused arranged the weapon of offence i. e. Knife, called the deceased at her resident, offered tea by adding intoxicants ACCUSED NO. 2 Name  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   -Rak esh Father’s Name  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   – Nathhu Lal Address  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   – Village- Khajuri , Bhajanpura, Delhi. Age  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   -24yrsEducation  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   -illiterate Present job  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   -Private job Family status   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   -poor Accused is an illiterate. He is unmarried and originally hails from Rajasthan and has rental accommodation in Village Khajuri. RECOVERY -Weapons of offence i. e. knife. -Mobile phone of deceased and three broken sim cards. -Shoes of deceased. -Motorcycle used in commission of crime. Further investigation is in progress and staff involved in this good work is being suitably rewarded. (ANIL KUMAR OJHA) IPS     Ã‚   ADDL. COMMISSIONER OF POLICE SOUTH-WEST DISTT. NEW DELHI Dated 09. 01. 13 MAID SERVANT WITH PARAMOUR ARRESTED – STOLEN MONEY RS. 4 LAKHS RECOVERED The staff of Police Station Janak Puri has nabbed a maid servant namely Nomee D/o Late Oklu Tete R/o Village Mokhra, Post Office Ponikele, PS Gumla Distt. Gumla Jharkhand with her boy friend namely Santosh Kumar Sahu S/o Sh. Harihar Prashad Sahu R/o Village Katia, Post Office Jeetu Toli, PS Bano, Distt. Seendega Jharkhand. With the arrest of this maid and her boy friend, a case of servant theft registered vide FIR No. 06/13, U/s 381/34 IPC PS Janak Puri has been worked out and stolen amount Rs.Four Lacs has been recovered. PROFILES OF THE ACCUSED 1. Nomee D/o L ate Oklu Tete was born in Village Mokhra, Post Office Ponikele, PS Gumla Distt. Gumla Jharkhand, age 20 years. She studied up to 5th class and due to poverty, she could not continue her study and came to Ghaziabad UP and worked there as a Maid around 1 ? years and thereafter worked as a Maid Surya Nagar and Gurgoan. Now for the last three weeks she was working at C-3/239 Janak Puri. 2. Santosh Kumar Sahu S/o Sh. Harihar Prashad Sahu was born in Village Katia, Post Office Jeetu Toli, PS Bano, Distt.Seendega Jharkhand age 26 years. He could not persue his further studies so came to Delhi. He worked in a placement agency at Tilak Nagar and also worked as a cook servant in the area of Nariana and Tilak Nagar. Now he is working in the SLG Placement Agency Berri Wala Bagh Hari Nagar Delhi. RECOVERY Stolen Rs 4 Lacs recovered. INCIDENT On 07. 01. 13 complainant Dr. Ajay Gupta R/O C-3/239 Janak Puri made a PCR Call that his maid servant is missing and on 08. 01. 13 he has reported that amou nt of Rs. four Lacs has been stolen from his house and it might be stolen by his absconding maid.Dr. Ajay Gupta had not got the servant verification done from Police. TEAM On the direction of ACP/Vikas Puri Sh. Prakash Chander Mann and under the leadership of Insp. H. S. P. Singh, SHO/ Janakpuri, a team comprising of SI Karambir Singh, HC Bijender, Ct. Harjinder Singh, Ct Yoginder, and W/Ct Rakhi was constituted. Information was developed and it was found from the SLG Placement Agency situated at Beri Wala Bagh Hari Nagar, through whom the maid was employed that she had intimacy with one Santosh Kumar Sahu working in the SLG Placement agency.Raid was conducted at the residence of Santosh Kumar Sahu S/o Harhar Prashad at RZ-209, Gali No. 10, West Sagarpur Delhi and both were apprehended. INTERROGATION  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   During sustained interrogation they admitted their guilt. Sahu could not proceed further studies so came in Delhi. He worked in a placement agency at Tilak Nagar and also worked as a cook in Nariana and Tilak Nagar. Now he is working with the SLG Placement Agency Berri Wala Bagh Hari Nagar Delhi where he came in contact of Nomee. Gradually he became friend of Nomee and both fell in love and wanted to get married.To accomplish their goals, they made a plan to steal the huge amount of money so that they can get married and settle down. Staff involved in good work is being rewarded suitably. (V. Renganathan) IPS Addl. Commissioner of Police,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   West District, New Delhi. [pic] NORTH- WEST DISTT. DATED 9, JAN. 2013 PRESS RELEASE AUTO-LIFTER ARRESTED With the arrest of one auto-lifter namely Ravi @ Kala on 8. 1. 13, the Anti Auto Theft Squad of North-West District has recovered one stolen vehicle. (1)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Ravi @ Kala s/o Dilbagh Singh R/o H. No. 436/31 Gali No. 2 New   Court Road Ashok Vihar Sonipat Haryana.Age-28 yrs. INCIDENT: On 8. 1. 13, a secret information was received in AATS/North West District that one per son would come on a stolen Scorpio near M2K Mall (NSP) Subhash Place to dispose off the same. On this information, a team of A. A. T. S. comprising of the officials mention below laid a trap near M2K Mall(NSP) Subhash Place and apprehended one youth with one Scorpio bearing No. DL-3CAA 4511 Silver Colour. Later on, the youth was identified as Ravi @ Kala s/o Dilbagh Singh R/o H. No. 436/31 Gali No. 2, New   Court Road, Ashok Vihar, Sonipat, Haryana (aged 28 years).He was asked to produce the papers of the said vehicle which he could not produce. The engine and chassis numbers of the said vehicle were verified from AUTO MATCH and ZIP NET, and it was found that the said vehicle is stolen vide FIR No. 293/12 dated 17. 11. 12 u/s 379 IPC PS Nangloi, Delhi. Subsequently he was arrested vide   DD No. 45-A dated 8. 1. 2013 u/s 41. 1(d)/102 Cr. P. C PS Subhash Place, Delhi INTERROGATION: On sustained interrogation, accused [email  protected] Kala revealed that   he used to steal veh icles from different parts of Delhi with his associates Sikander and Amir both resident of   Distt.Mujaffarnagar,   UP. On further interrogation, the accused   [email  protected] Kala disclosed that   he has also stolen one Tata Safari with his associates Sikander and Amir from Anand Vihar Delhi which was left abandoned   in Sonipat, Haryana when police picket tried to stop them . TEAM: A special team was constituted under the close supervision of ACP/Operations North-West Distt . Sh . Aas Mohd. with the following officers. 1. Insp. Satya   Pal  Ã‚  Ã‚   No. D-I/599  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   I/C   AATS. 2. SI Sukram Pal No. D-1498 3. HC Naresh Kumar   No. 642/NW  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   4. HC Surender Kumar   No. 581/NW 5. HC   Pawan Kr. No. 23/NW  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   6. HC   Krishan Pal No. 1361/NW 7. Ct  Ã‚   Jagdish No. 879/NW  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   8. Ct. Shohan lal Tyagi,   No. 1898/NW 9. Ct Mahesh Kumar No. 512/NW 10. Ct. Raman Kumar No. 2058/NW 11. Ct. Vikash Kr. No. 1333/NW RECOVERY One stolen Scorpio No. DL 3CAA 4511 CASES WORKED OUT (1)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   FIR No. 293/12 dated 17. 11. 12 u/s 379 IPC PS Nangloi, Delhi   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   (2)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   FIR No. 331/12 dated 21. 11. 12 u/s 379 IPC PS Anand Vihar, Delhi PROFILE OF ACCUSED PERSONS Accused Ravi @ Kala has studied upto 10th class from Haryana and belongs to a lower middle class family.His father is a farmer. He has one previous criminal record. Accused Ravi @ Kala came in contact of Sikander and Amir(both resident of Uttar Pradesh) and started stealing   the   Ã‚  vehicles for quick money. The concerned Police Stations have been informed about his involvements/arrest. Sincere efforts are being made to arrest his associates. (M. A RIZVI)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   DY. COMMISSIONER OF POLICE,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚   NORTH-WEST DISTT. ,DELHI. Dated: 09. 01. 013   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   South-East District police in association with Justice Sunanda Bhandare Foundation is organizing a Gender Sensitization programme for police officers of the district on 10. 01. 2013 at Conference Hall, South-East District, PS Sarita Vihar from 1100 Hrs onwards. The programme aims at giving insights to the police officers into gender relations and strengthening their professional approach with effective policing of city public spaces thro ugh swift and sensitive response to crime especially against women. Addl. Commissioner of Police South-East District, New Delhi.